| 1. |
- Selander, Carina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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The impacts of microcredits : a case study from Kenyan agriculture
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Development Alternatives and Area Studies. - 1651-9728. ; 25:1-2, s. 5-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microcredits to agriculture have come into vogue in the past fifteen years and are frequently seen as an important way of increasing agricultural production in developing countries, but there has been surprisingly little research on what the effects on production actually are, or on what types of microlending work best. Inkind microcredits in the form of seelings, fertilizer etc., have the advantage of being directly tied to productive activities, but on the other hand they have the drawback of limiting the scope of choices available to the farmers taking the loans. In this paper, we estimate the respective impacts of cash and in-kind microcredits on milk and coffee production in a Kenyan farming region, and compare these effects to those that we estimate would have occurred if no microcredits had been available and if all microcredits had been in cash or in kind, respectively. We find that, in these two types of farming, cash credits boost production considerably more than in-kind lending does.
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| 2. |
- Stage, Jesper, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Is urbanization contributing to higher food prices?
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The recent spike in food prices has led to a renewal of interest in agricultural issues and in the long-term drivers of food prices. Urbanization has been mentioned as one possible cause of higher food prices. In this paper we examine some of the links through which urbanization is considered to be contributing to higher food prices and conclude that in most cases urbanization is being conflated with other long-term processes, such as economic growth, population growth and environmental degradation, which can more fruitfully be seen as related but separate processes. We discuss long- and-short term factors affecting food prices, and conclude that the one important way in which urbanization in poor countries may affect food prices, at least potentially, is that it increases the number of households who depend on commercial food supplies, rather than own production, as their main source and hence are likely to hoard food if they fear future price increases. The best policy option for managing this is larger food reserves. Attempts to curb urbanization, on the other hand, would be ill advised.
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| 3. |
- Stage, Jesper, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Is urbanization contributing to higher food prices?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Environment and Urbanization. - London : SAGE Publications. - 0956-2478 .- 1746-0301. ; 22:1, s. 199-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urbanization has been mentioned as one possible cause of higher food prices, and in this paper we examine some of the suggested links between urbanization and food prices. We conclude that urbanization, conventionally defined as the increasing share of the population living in urban settlements, is being conflated with related but separate processes, such as economic growth, population growth and environmental degradation. We discuss factors that affect food prices and conclude that the one important way in which urbanization in poor countries may affect food prices is that it increases the number of households that depend on commercial food supplies, rather than on own production, as their main source, and hence are likely to hoard food if they fear future price increases. One policy option for managing this is larger food reserves. Attempts to curb urbanization, on the other hand, would be ill-advised.
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