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- Gaupp-Berghausen, M, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of different recruitment methods: Longitudinal, web-based, pan-european physical activity through sustainable transport approaches (PASTA) project
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 21:5, s. e11492-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sufficient sample size and minimal sample bias are core requirements for empirical data analyses. Combining opportunistic recruitment with a Web-based survey and data-collection platform yields new benefits over traditional recruitment approaches. Objective: This paper aims to report the success of different recruitment methods and obtain data on participants' characteristics, participation behavior, recruitment rates, and representativeness of the sample. Methods: A longitudinal, Web-based survey was implemented as part of the European PASTA (Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches) project, between November 2014 and December 2016. During this period, participants were recruited from 7 European cities on a rolling basis. A standardized guide on recruitment strategy was developed for all cities, to reach a sufficient number of adult participants. To make use of the strengths and minimize weakness, a combination of different opportunistic recruitment methods was applied. In addition, the random sampling approach was applied in the city of Örebro. To reduce the attrition rate and improve real-time monitoring, the Web-based platform featured a participant's and a researchers' user interface and dashboard. Results: Overall, 10,691 participants were recruited; most people found out about the survey through their workplace or employer (2300/10691, 21.51%), outreach promotion (2219/10691, 20.76%), and social media (1859/10691, 17.39%). The average number of questionnaires filled in per participant varied significantly between the cities (P<.001), with the highest number in Zurich (11.0, SE 0.33) and the lowest in Örebro (4.8, SE 0.17). Collaboration with local organizations, the use of Facebook and mailing lists, and direct street recruitment were the most effective approaches in reaching a high share of participants.
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- Halfvarson, Jonas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in twins with inflammatory bowel disease
- 2005
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 54:9, s. 1237-1243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: An increased occurrence of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) is reported in unaffected members of families with Crohn's disease. Whether ASCA is a familial trait due to genetic factors or is caused by exposure to environmental factors is unknown. To assess the genetic influence of ASCA we studied its occurrence in a twin population.PATIENTS AND METHODS: ASCA were analysed in 98 twin pairs with inflammatory bowel disease and were related to clinical phenotype and CARD15/NOD2 genotype.RESULTS: ASCA were more common in Crohn's disease than in ulcerative colitis (40/70 (57%) twins v 5/43 (12%) twins). Associations with ileal Crohn's disease, stricturing/penetrating behaviour, and young age, but not CARD15/NOD2 were confirmed. ASCA were found in 1/20 (5%) healthy siblings in discordant monozygotic pairs with Crohn's disease compared with 7/27 (26%) in discordant dizygotic pairs. Using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), no agreement in ASCA titres was observed in discordant twin pairs with Crohn's disease, in monozygotic (ICC = -0.02) or dizygotic (ICC = -0.26) pairs. In contrast, strong agreement was seen within concordant monozygotic twin pairs with Crohn's disease (ICC = 0.76).CONCLUSIONS: These findings question the concept of ASCA as a marker of genetic susceptibility for Crohn's disease. The agreement in ASCA titres within concordant monozygotic twin pairs with Crohn's disease, suggests that the level of increase is genetically determined. We propose that ASCA are a marker of a response to an environmental antigen and that a specific gene(s) other than CARD15/NOD2 determines the level of response and perhaps also specific phenotypic characteristics.
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- Ingelsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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No alteration in tau exon 10 alternative splicing in tangle-bearing neurons of the Alzheimer's disease brain
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Neuropathologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-6322 .- 1432-0533. ; 112:4, s. 439-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Defective splicing of tau mRNA, promoting a shift between tau isoforms with (4R tau) and without (3R tau) exon 10, is believed to be a pathological consequence of certain tau mutations causing frontotemporal dementia. By assessing protein and mRNA levels of 4R tau and 3R tau in 27 AD and 20 control temporal cortex, we investigated whether altered tau splicing is a feature also in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, apart from an expected increase of sarcosyl-insoluble tau in AD, there were no significant differences between the groups. Next, by laser-capture microscopy and quantitative PCR, we separately analyzed CA1 hippocampal neurons with and without neurofibrillary pathology from six of the AD and seven of the control brains. No statistically significant differences in 4R tau/3R tau mRNA were found between the different subgroups. Moreover, we confirmed the absence of significant ratio differences in a second data set with laser-captured entorhinal cortex neurons from four AD and four control brains. Finally, the 4R tau/3R tau ratio in CA1 neurons was roughly half of the ratio in temporal cortex, indicating region-specific differences in tau mRNA splicing. In conclusion, this study indicated region-specific and possibly cell-type-specific tau splicing but did not lend any support to overt changes in alternative splicing of tau exon 10 being an underlying factor in AD pathogenesis.
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- Kupers, LK, et al.
(författare)
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Meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies in neonates reveals widespread differential DNA methylation associated with birthweight
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 1893-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birthweight is associated with health outcomes across the life course, DNA methylation may be an underlying mechanism. In this meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies of 8,825 neonates from 24 birth cohorts in the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics Consortium, we find that DNA methylation in neonatal blood is associated with birthweight at 914 sites, with a difference in birthweight ranging from −183 to 178 grams per 10% increase in methylation (PBonferroni < 1.06 x 10−7). In additional analyses in 7,278 participants, <1.3% of birthweight-associated differential methylation is also observed in childhood and adolescence, but not adulthood. Birthweight-related CpGs overlap with some Bonferroni-significant CpGs that were previously reported to be related to maternal smoking (55/914, p = 6.12 x 10−74) and BMI in pregnancy (3/914, p = 1.13x10−3), but not with those related to folate levels in pregnancy. Whether the associations that we observe are causal or explained by confounding or fetal growth influencing DNA methylation (i.e. reverse causality) requires further research.
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- Standaert, David G, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic evaluation of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel patient-responder characteristics
- 2018
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Ingår i: npj Parkinson's Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2373-8057. ; 4, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG, carbidopa-levodopa enteral suspension in the United States) is a treatment option for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with motor fluctuations. The objective of this investigation was to identify the baseline characteristics predictive of treatment response, measured by improvement in motor symptom severity, in advanced PD patients treated with LCIG during a 54-week, open-label phase 3 study. Patients with ≥1 h improvement from baseline in "Off" time were categorized as "Responders"; whereas those with <1 h improvement, any worsening, or no post-baseline assessment were "Non-Responders". A subgroup of Responders with ≥3 h improvement in "Off" time was also examined; this subgroup was identified as "Robust Responders". Baseline demographics and disease characteristics were analyzed and their predictive relationship to change from baseline in normalized "Off" time was assessed. Out of the 324 patients included in the analysis, 272 (84.0%) were categorized as Responders and 52 (16.0%) were Non-Responders. A majority of patients (65.7%) had ≥3 h improvement in "Off" time. In general, baseline characteristics were similar between Non-responders, Responders, and the subgroup of Robust Responders. A conditional tree-structured regression analysis identified baseline "Off" time as the only factor that had significant effect on Responder and Robust Responder status. The safety profile of LCIG was similar between patient groups. Overall, this analysis showed that 84% of LCIG-treated advanced PD patients had ≥1 h improvement in "Off" time and the number-needed-to-treat to observe one patient responder was 1.19 patients. Notably, Responders and Robust Responders to LCIG were observed across the range of baseline demographics and clinical characteristics examined.
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