| 1. |
- Nadin, Vincent, et al.
(författare)
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COMPASS – Comparative Analysis of Territorial Governance and Spatial Planning Systems in Europe : Applied Research 2016-2018: Final Report
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of the COMPASS project was to provide an authoritative comparative report on changes in territorial governance and spatial planning systems in Europe from 2000 to 2016. This Final Report presents the main findings, conclusions and policy recommendations. The COMPASS project compares territorial governance and spatial planning in 32 European countries (the 28 EU member states plus four ESPON partner countries). COMPASS differs from previous studies in that the accent is not on a snapshot comparison of national systems, but on identifying trends in reforms from 2000 to 2016. It also seeks to give reasons for these changes with particular reference to EU directives and policies, and to identify good practices for the cross-fertilisation of spatial development policies with EU Cohesion Policy. The research is based on expert knowledge with reference wherever possible to authoritative sources. Experts with in-depth experience of each national system were appointed to contribute to the study. The research design involved primarily collection of data from the 32 countries through questionnaires and five in-depth case studies of the interaction of EU Cohesion Policy and other sectoral policies with spatial planning and territorial governance.
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| 2. |
- Stead, Dominic, et al.
(författare)
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Automated vehicles and how they may affect urban form : A review of recent scenario studies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cities. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0264-2751 .- 1873-6084. ; 92, s. 125-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motorisation in cities has fundamentally transformed urban patterns of development, ranging from residential parking and density standards of single buildings on one hand to urban infrastructure construction and the expansion of entire cities on the other. The introduction of automated vehicles (AVs) has enormous potential to transform urbanisation patterns and urban design even further. However, the direction in which this technology will change the city is contested and a diverse set of views can be found. This paper provides a review of scenarios on these issues to date. Although some scenario studies provide useful insights about urban growth and change, very few consider detailed impacts of AVs on urban form, such as the density and mix of functions, the layout of urban development and the accessibility of locations, including the distance to transit.
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| 5. |
- Stead, Dominic, et al.
(författare)
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Recent Trends in Travel Behaviour and Passenger Transport Fuel Use : A Comparison of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transport sector is the largest and fastest growing consumer of energy in Europe, which poses aserious threat to Europe’s climate and environment. Over recent decades, increases in passenger andfreight transport movements have both been responsible for this growth. These trends can be observedin most European countries including the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (UK), where per capitatransport fuel consumption increased by 9% and 4% respectively in the relatively short period between2000 and 2006 (and by 37% and 16% respectively between 1990 and 2006). In many ways, generaltravel patterns in these two countries have not changed substantially during this period: total traveldistance, average travel speed and travel time have all remained fairly constant. What has changed,however, is car occupancy, the type and age of vehicles on the road and the average number of trips,all of which have contributed to changes in energy consumption in the passenger transport sector.In this paper we focus on trends in individual mobility and related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions,which are a close proxy for fuel consumption and total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions fromtransport. National travel data for the Netherlands and the UK from 2000 onwards are used to examinethese trends. We construct a classification of individuals based on their travel patterns and related CO2emissions with the aim of identifying the key socio-economic characteristics of individuals with highand low CO2 emissions. We then examine the extent to which these socio-economic characteristics aresimilar in both countries. Preliminary analyses reveal that in both countries around 10% of thepopulation is responsible for almost half of all CO2 emissions in the passenger transport sector. At theother end of the spectrum, half the population is responsible for only 10-20% of passenger transportrelatedCO2 emissions. Substantial differences in individual transport CO2 emissions are apparentaccording to socio-economic characteristics such as age, gender, income and employment status.
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| 8. |
- Stead, Dominic, et al.
(författare)
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Transport Demand Management
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Green Cities. - : Sage Publications. - 9781412973816 - 1412973813
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Susilo, Yusak, et al.
(författare)
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Individual CO2 emissions and the potential for reduction in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom
- 2009
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Record. - : SAGE Publications. - 0361-1981 .- 2169-4052. ; :2139, s. 142-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using National Travel Survey (NTS) data from the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, this paper examines how passenger transport emissions are divided across society and how similar this distribution is across these two countries. By looking across a series of data over time, the paper examines the relationships between socioeconomic characteristics and individual greenhouse gas emissions, the stability of these relationships over time, and the extent to which these relationships are similar in these two countries. Suitable policy measures for different socioeconomic groups are then examined. The general effectiveness and acceptability of these measures are then discussed by drawing on pan-European (Euro-barometer) survey results. Analyses of the NTS data reveal that about 10% of the Dutch population is responsible for almost half of all travel-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the Netherlands. Similarly, in the United Kingdom, about 20% of the population is responsible for 60% of the passenger-transportation-related CO2 emissions. Analysis of pan-European opinion surveys shows that there is a clear awareness among the majority of the population that the type of car and the way in which it is used have important impacts on the environment. Despite this awareness, however, only a minority seem prepared to take action to reduce the environmental consequences of their travel behavior. The study supports the argument that the willingness to change behavior is a complex mixture of individual and social interests. A major challenge is how to encourage changes in behavior to reduce transport emissions with the right policies at the right time in the right place.
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