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- Liu, Shanlin, et al.
(författare)
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Ancient and modem genomes unravel the evolutionary history of the rhinoceros family
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 184:19, s. 4874-4885.e16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Only five species of the once-diverse Rhinocerotidae remain, making the reconstruction of their evolutionary history a challenge to biologists since Darwin. We sequenced genomes from five rhinoceros species (three extinct and two living), which we compared to existing data from the remaining three living species and a range of outgroups. We identify an early divergence between extant African and Eurasian lineages, resolving a key debate regarding the phylogeny of extant rhinoceroses. This early Miocene (similar to 16 million years ago [mya]) split post-dates the land bridge formation between the Afro-Arabian and Eurasian landmasses. Our analyses also show that while rhinoceros genomes in general exhibit low levels of genome-wide diversity, heterozygosity is lowest and inbreeding is highest in the modern species. These results suggest that while low genetic diversity is a long-term feature of the family, it has been particularly exacerbated recently, likely reflecting recent anthropogenic-driven population declines.
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2. |
- Schwaneberg, Oliver, et al.
(författare)
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Material classification through distance aware multispectral data fusion
- 2013
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Ingår i: Measurement science and technology. - Bristol, United Kingdom : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0957-0233 .- 1361-6501. ; 24:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Safety applications require fast, precise and highly reliable sensors at low costs. This paperpresents signal processing methods for an active multispectral optical point sensorinstrumentation for which a first technical implementation exists. Due to the very demandingrequirements for safeguarding equipment, these processing methods are targeted to run on asmall embedded system with a guaranteed reaction time T < 2 ms and a sufficiently lowfailure rate according to applicable safety standards, e.g., ISO-13849. The proposed dataprocessing concept includes a novel technique for distance-aided fusion of multispectral datain order to compensate for displacement-related alteration of the measured signal. Thedistance measuring is based on triangulation with precise results even for low-resolutiondetectors, thus strengthening the practical applicability. Furthermore, standard components,such as support vector machines (SVMs), are used for reliable material classification. Allmethods have been evaluated for variants of the underlying sensor principle. Therefore, theresults of the evaluation are independent of any specific hardware.
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