| 1. |
- Andersson, Henric, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Configuration Management of Models for Aircraft Simulation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 27th International Congress of the Aeronautical Sciences. ; , s. 10-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Support for configuration and instantiation of large-scale aircraft simulations has become a major issue as the numbers of models grow, model fidelity increases and there is a trend to design models to allow reuse between simulation environments. In this work a method for configuration support is presented that is based on the Product Line principles with structures and data inherited from the Product Data Management system. An XML-based information object to carry product configuration data and knowledge between tools, called a CNA-string is introduced. A rule-based method to support specification of consistent configurations is adopted from the sales configuration domain. The application example is configurations of the Gripen fighter aircraft simulation models.
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| 2. |
- Barlow, Sue, et al.
(författare)
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Scientific report of the Endocrine Active Substances Task Force
- 2010
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Ingår i: EFSA Journal. - Parma, Italy : European Food Safety Authority. - 1831-4732. ; 8:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Discussions within the Scientific Committee and the Advisory Forum have called for the development of a common approach within EFSA towards endocrine active substances. The aim of this report by an internal EFSA task force is to clarify the state-of-play, and provide recommendations for scientific and communication issues. Both specific issues and new regulations make it necessary to follow up on recent developments with the EU bodies, Member States, and internationally, in order to avoid diverging assessment approaches and the duplication of work. The proposed actions for EFSA are to contribute to the work in progress under the auspices of DG Environment and to continue its participation in the ongoing OECD activities in the area of testing of chemicals. The development of a generally accepted risk assessment methodology is an additional challenge due to the complexity of the issues involved. Here, the task force recommends that EFSA continues its activities aimed at developing harmonised methodologies for risk assessment of combined exposures to endocrine active substances in food. EFSA should continue to build a dialogue to develop a common strategy with the EC, other EU bodies, Member States’ Competent Authorities, international organisations and partners, as well as external experts and stakeholders on the before mentioned issues. In line with these recommendations, it is proposed that EFSA creates a working group of Panel experts and national experts to advise on prioritising the work on endocrine active substances. EFSA should also work with the experts in its Advisory Group on Risk Communications in conjunction with the communication experts from Member States, and continues to monitor and analyse media and stakeholder developments, in order to define a strategy for communications addressing both the collective group and specific endocrine active substances.
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| 3. |
- Gavel, Hampus, et al.
(författare)
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Strategy for Modeling of large A/C fluid systems
- 2004
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Ingår i: World Aviation Congress and Display, WAC-04, SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-3093. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. ; , s. 1495-1506
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an ongoing trend in the European Military a/c industry towards cooperation between nations when purchasing and between manufacturers when developing and producing a/c. Different manufacturers at different locations develop different parts or sub-systems. When using this approach a vital part of a fast and precise system evaluation is the use of simulation models. In order to stay competitive it is not only sufficient to be able to build large simulation models but also to do it fast.This paper describes the conclusions regarding a modelling strategy of large fluid systems drawn from the building of a simulation model of the JAS 39 Gripen fuel system. An overall process is suggested into which the activities of building a model are fitted. This is however not the main objective; it is more important to identify the different issues and activities at the engineering level. If these are properly dealt with, the model development time will be reduced, if not, the wrong model may be designed. "Wrong" here means a model that does not do the job, or solves a problem other than the one intended by the stakeholder.
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| 4. |
- Knutsen, Helle Katrine, et al.
(författare)
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Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feed and food.
- 2018
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Ingår i: EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority. - : Wiley. - 1831-4732. ; 16:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and DL-PCBs in feed and food. The data from experimental animal and epidemiological studies were reviewed and it was decided to base the human risk assessment on effects observed in humans and to use animal data as supportive evidence. The critical effect was on semen quality, following pre- and postnatal exposure. The critical study showed a NOAEL of 7.0pg WHO2005-TEQ/g fat in blood sampled at age 9years based on PCDD/F-TEQs. No association was observed when including DL-PCB-TEQs. Using toxicokinetic modelling and taking into account the exposure from breastfeeding and a twofold higher intake during childhood, it was estimated that daily exposure in adolescents and adults should be below 0.25 pg TEQ/kg bw/day. The CONTAM Panelestablished a TWI of 2 pg TEQ/kg bw/week. With occurrence and consumption data from European countries, the mean and P95 intake of total TEQ by Adolescents, Adults, Elderly and Very Elderly varied between, respectively, 2.1 to 10.5, and 5.3 to 30.4pg TEQ/kg bw/week, implying a considerable exceedance of the TWI. Toddlers and Other Children showed a higher exposure than older age groups, but this was accounted for when deriving the TWI. Exposure to PCDD/F-TEQ only was on average 2.4- and 2.7-fold lower for mean and P95 exposure than for total TEQ. PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs are transferred to milk and eggs, and accumulate in fatty tissues and liver. Transfer rates and bioconcentration factors were identified for various species. The CONTAM Panelwas not able to identify reference values in most farm and companion animals with the exception of NOAELs for mink, chicken and some fish species. The estimated exposure from feed for these species does not imply a risk.
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