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- Andersson Granberg, Tobias, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Kvantitativa modeller för ett robust och resilient transportsystem
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Både mindre störningar och större händelser som katastrofer och kriser har en påverkan på transportsystemet. Dels kan de ge upphov till förändrade möjligheter att tillgodose efterfrågan, till exempel om infrastruktur blir skadad, dels kan det ge förändringar i efterfrågan, vilket t.ex. var tydligt under Covid-19 pandemin, eller ge upphov till nya behov, t.ex. av nödtransporter. Hanteringen av dessa störningar, ur ett transportsystemperspektiv, kan ske via förebyggande och förberedande åtgärder, vilka bidrar till en ökad robusthet och resiliens. Det kan vara att stärka och skydda infrastruktur eller att ha resurser i beredskap, som operativt kan verka avhjälpande och återställande. Åtgärderna kräver ofta komplexa beslut kring prioritering och resurshantering - områden där kvantitativa modeller har goda möjligheter att användas som grund för beslutsstöd.Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka möjligheten att använda kvantitativa modeller för att öka robustheten och resiliensen hos det svenska transportsystemet vid större störningar.Via en litteraturstudie och intervjuer med systemexperter från räddningsområdet, transportsektorn samt akademin, identifierades fem olika områden där kvantitativa modeller bedöms kunna ge värdefulla bidrag. Dessa är 1. Efterfrågemodellering, 2. Risk- och sårbarhetsanalys, 3. Evakueringsplanering, 4. Resurslokalisering och 5. Prioritering och resurshantering. Inom samtliga finns utrymme för att via forskning och utveckling ta fram beslutsstödsverktyg som kan bidra vid planering, förebyggande arbete, och operativ resursstyrning. Även inom andra områden, till exempel kommunikation, samverkan och organisering, finns det behov av forskning, då gärna med inslag av andra discipliner såsom human factors och digitalisering.
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| 2. |
- Andersson Granberg, Tobias, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Sensor Requirements for Logistics Analysis of Emergency Incident Sites
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th ISCRAM Conference. - : Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. - 9781949373271 ; , s. 952-960
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using sensors to collect data at emergency incident sites can facilitate analysis of the logistic operations. This can be used to improve planning and preparedness for new operations. Furthermore, real-time information from the sensors can serve as operational decision support. In this work in progress, we investigate the requirements on the sensors, and on the sensor data, to facilitate such an analysis. Through observations of exercises, the potential of using sensors for data collection is explored, and the requirements are considered. The results show that the potential benefits are significant, especially for tracking patients, and understanding the interaction between the response actors. However, the sensors need to be quite advanced in order to capture the necessary data.
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| 3. |
- Fryk, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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A modern process perspective, process mapping, and simulation in health care : Opportunities and IT infrastructural needs
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 2010 IEEE Workshop on Health Care Management (WHCM). - 9781424449989 - 9781424449972 ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, health care organizations often claim that theyare “process oriented”, and that one should approach health carefrom a process perspective in order to utilize the present ITrelated benefits; such as increased service quality, cost efficiency,and enhanced communication. In this paper we investigate howwell founded the concept of process orientation really is – byexamining IT/IS infrastructures, and procedures for processdefinition, visualization, and evaluation – at a prominent hospitalin Stockholm, Sweden. A case study of the organization and theinteraction of the emergency and radiology departments at thesame hospital (using process mapping and data analysis) revealsdata fragmentation, incompatible data, and disparateinformation systems. This results in difficulties regarding processdefinition and analysis, which makes the use of innovative toolssuch as simulation, problematic. The implications of this, and thecontextual factors, are also discussed and some finalrecommendations for smooth digitization are put forth.Today, health care organizations often claim that theyare “process oriented”, and that one should approach health carefrom a process perspective in order to utilize the present ITrelated benefits; such as increased service quality, cost efficiency,and enhanced communication. In this paper we investigate howwell founded the concept of process orientation really is – byexamining IT/IS infrastructures, and procedures for processdefinition, visualization, and evaluation – at a prominent hospitalin Stockholm, Sweden. A case study of the organization and theinteraction of the emergency and radiology departments at thesame hospital (using process mapping and data analysis) revealsdata fragmentation, incompatible data, and disparateinformation systems. This results in difficulties regarding processdefinition and analysis, which makes the use of innovative toolssuch as simulation, problematic. The implications of this, and thecontextual factors, are also discussed and some finalrecommendations for smooth digitization are put forth.
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| 4. |
- Fryk, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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A Modern Process Perspective, Process Mapping, and Simulation in Health Care : Opportunities and IT Infrastructural Needs
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many of the anticipated benefits from IT investments in health care have still not materialized. This is certainly true in many industries and organizations, and the reasons behind this development are many. However, health care is somewhat special in the sense that most health care organizations are still functional organizations, instead of focusing on patient value through the entire care process. This, together with questionable IT handling, might begin to explain why possible IT benefits in health care, still, are elusive. Furthermore, today, health care professionals and managers – especially on top managementl evels – often claim that their organizations in fact are “process oriented”, and that one should approach health care from a process perspective in order to utilize the present IT related benefits; such as increased service quality, cost efficiency, and enhanced communication. In this paper we investigate how well founded the concept of process orientation really is – by examining IT/IS infrastructures, and procedures for process definition, visualization, andevaluation – at a prominent hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. A case study ofthe organization and interaction of the emergency and radiology departments at the same hospital (using process mapping and data analysis) reveals data fragmentation, incompatible data, and disparate information systems. Resulting in difficulties regarding process definition and analysis. This, in turn, makes the use of innovative IT-based tools such as simulation, problematic. The implications of this, and the contextual factors, are also discussed and some final recommendations for smooth digitization are put forth.
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| 5. |
- Hassler, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Towards more realistic measures of accessibility to emergency departments in Sweden
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Assuring that emergency health care is accessible is a key objective for health care planners. Conventional accessibility analysis commonly relies on resident population data. However, the allocation of resources based on stationary population data may lead to erroneous assumptions of population accessibility to EHC.Method: Therefore, in this paper, we calculate population accessibility to emergency departments in Sweden with a geographical information system based network analysis. Utilizing static population data and dynamic population data, we investigate spatiotemporal patterns of how static population data over- or underestimates population sizes derived from temporally dynamic population data. Results: Our findings show that conventional measures of population accessibility tend to underestimate population sizes particularly in rural areas and in smaller ED’s catchment areas compared to urban, larger ED’s – especially during vacation time in the summer. Conclusions: Planning based on static population data may thus lead to inequitable distributions of resources. This study is motivated in light of the ongoing centralization of ED’s in Sweden, which largely depends on population sizes in ED’s catchment areas.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Prytz, Erik, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the Effect of Bleeding Control Kit Locations for a Mass Casualty Incident Using Discrete Event Simulation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th ISCRAM Conference. - : Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. - 9781949373271 ; , s. 167-178
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to develop a simulation model to evaluate bleeding control kit location strategies for a mass casualty incident scenario. Specifically, the event simulated was an explosion at a large sports arena. The model included a representation of the arena itself, simulated crowd movements following the detonation of an improvised explosive device, injuries and treatments, and different ways for immediate responders to help injured patients using tourniquets. The simulation model gave logically consistent results in the validation scenarios and the simulation outcomes were in line with the expected outcomes. The results of the different tourniquet location scenarios indicated that decentralized placement (more than one location) is better, easy access is important (between rather than at emergency exits) and that an increased number of available tourniquets will result in an increased number of survivors.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Steins, Krisjanis, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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A generic simulation model for planning critical care resource requirements
- 2013
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Ingår i: Anaesthesia. - : Wiley. - 0003-2409 .- 1365-2044. ; 68:11, s. 1148-1155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intensive care capacity planning based on factual or forecasted mean admission numbers and mean length of stay without taking non-linearity and variability into account is fraught with error. Simulation modelling may allow for a more accurate assessment of capacity needs. We developed a generic intensive care simulation model using data generated from anonymised patient records of all admissions to four different hospital intensive care units. The model was modified and calibrated stepwise to identify important parameters and their values to obtain a match between model predictions and actual data. The most important characteristic of the final model was the dependency of admission rate on actual occupancy. Occupancy, coverage and transfers of the final model were found to be within 2% of the actual data for all four simulated intensive care units. We have shown that this model could provide accurate decision support for planning critical care resource requirements.
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