| 1. |
- Axelsson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Vuxenutbildningens betydelse för inkomster, mobilitet och övergång till högskolestudier
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I början av 1990-talet befann sig Sverige i en kraftig konjunkturnedgång. Arbetslösheten hade stigit till rekordhöga nivåer. Bland de åtgärder regeringen vidtog för att motverka arbetslösheten ingick Kunskapslyftet som var en femårig sats-ning på vuxenutbildning. Kunskapslyftet startade den 1 juli 1997 och pågick till och med år 2002.Det fanns två övergripande målsättningar med Kunskapslyftet. Den första var ekonomisk och handlade om att minska arbetslösheten, öka sysselsättningen och få till stånd en snabbare ekonomisk tillväxt. Den andra målsättningen var utbildningspolitisk och handlade om att vidareutveckla och förnya vuxenutbildningen.Under den femårsperiod som Kunskapslyftet pågick uppgick statens kostnader tillcirka tre miljarder kronor per år exklusive studiestöd. Totalkostnader för hela projektetinklusive studiestöd hamnade på, i storleksordningen 40–45 miljarder kronor.På ITPS uppdrag har Institutionen för nationalekonomi vid Umeå universitetutvärderat hur Kunskapslyftet och annan kommunal vuxenutbildning påverkatdeltagarnas inkomster, rörlighet och övergång till högskolestudier.De fyra uppsatserna som sammanfattas i denna rapport bygger på deltagare i Komvuxhöstterminen 1997, i vissa fall deltagare med så kallat särskilt utbildningsbidrag(studerande i Kunskapslyftet). I de uppsatser där ett förfarande med jämförelsegrupperanvänds är dessa öppet arbetslösa i början av hösten 1997 och deltagare iarbetsmarknadsutbildning i mitten av denna höst.Den databas som har använts i projektets fyra delstudier har byggts upp vidinstitutionen för nationalekonomi vid Umeå universitet. Den omfattar samtliga stu-derande i Komvux höstterminerna 1997 t o m 1999 med tillhörande jämförelsegrupper.Jämförelsegruppen arbetslösa omfattar samtliga personer som 1 september 1997var anmälda vid arbetsförmedlingen som öppet arbetslösa. Den andra jämförelse-gruppen – deltagare i arbetsmarknadsutbildning – består av dem som den 15 okto-ber samma år var registrerade som deltagare i denna utbildning.De viktigaste resultaten i projektets fyra delstudier av kommunal vuxenutbildningär i korthet följande:1. När det gäller utbildningens effekter på bruttoarbetsinkomster efter avslutad utbildning finner vi att deltagare i Kunskapslyftet som var arbetslösa och studerade med det särskilda utbildningsbidraget hade en relativt sett gynnsammare inkomstutveckling än jämförelsegruppen öppet arbetslösa. Vi fin-ner dock en ännu bättre inkomstutveckling för deltagare i arbetsmarknadsutbildning.2. Övergång till högre utbildning var högre bland deltagare i Kunskapslyftet jämfört med övriga deltagare i kommunal vuxenutbildning när hänsyn tas till regionala arbetsmarknadsförhållanden och andra bakgrundsfaktorer.Kvinnliga studerande inom kommunal vuxenutbildning hade en relativt sett högre sannolikhet för att övergå till högskole- eller universitetsutbildning jämfört med män. Övergångssannolikheten påverkas också av regionala attribut. Den är bland annat negativt korrelerad med regional sysselsättningstillväxt och positivt korrelerad med regional arbetslöshet. Detsenare behöver dock inte nödvändigtvis tyda på negativa samhällsekonomiska effekter i form av inlåsning av arbetskraft.3. Det finns betydande regionala skillnader när det gäller deltagarnas inkomster efter utbildning. De länsvisa skillnaderna är inte obetydliga och kan överstiga 20 procent av genomsnittsinkomsten. Detta bör kanske beaktasvid den regionala fördelningen av resurser till vuxenutbildningen.4. När det gäller geografisk rörlighet finner vi lägre sannolikhet för flyttning bland deltagare i kommunal vuxenutbildning och deltagare i arbetsmarknadsutbildning jämfört med personer i öppen arbetslöshet. Detta gäller även de deltagare i Komvux som deltog i Kunskapslyftet. Jämfört med deltagare i arbetsmarknadsutbildning hade dock studerande inom Komvux högre sannolikhet för flyttning. Dock gäller detta inte deltagare i kunskapslyftet, vilka hade lägre sannolikhet för flyttning i jämförelse med deltagare i arbetsmarknadsutbildning.
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| 4. |
- Bolmsvik, Åsa, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Vibration Distribution Due to Continous, Intermittent or Half Embedded Elastomer Connections in Wooden Constructions
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceeding of the 2016 World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE), August 22-25, 2016 Vienna. - Vienna : TU-MV Media Verlag. - 9783903039001 - 9783903024359 ; , s. 2912-2920
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elastomers are commonly used to decrease the sound transmission between apartments in timber framed houses. In previous studies, different types of elastomers have been evaluated experimentally. The wooden assemblies, in which elastomers were used in the connections, showed that elastomers cause the vibrations to increase in the direction perpendicular to the applied load within the low frequency span.In this study, the effects on acceleration, depending on how the elastomers are placed are studied. The cases having the elastomer continuous, placed as intermittent pieces or positioned half embedded in the junctions are evaluated.The frequency dependent properties of the elastomers are needed in order to model the dynamic behaviour and thereby be able to predict sound- and vibration transmission in wooden houses. Here, the properties of a wooden construction having different elastomers connections are studied to enable simulations of the behaviour of the elastomers in a FE model in the future.
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| 5. |
- Edin, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Opposing roles by KRAS and BRAF mutation on immune cell infiltration in colorectal cancer : possible implications for immunotherapy
- 2024
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Nature. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The immune response has important clinical value in colorectal cancer (CRC) in both prognosis and response to immunotherapy. This study aims to explore tumour immune cell infiltration in relation to clinically well-established molecular markers of CRC.Methods: Multiplex immunohistochemistry and multispectral imaging was used to evaluate tumour infiltration of cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), Th1 cells (T-bet+), T regulatory cells (FoxP3+), B cells (CD20+), and macrophages (CD68+) in a cohort of 257 CRC patients.Results: We found the expected association between higher immune-cell infiltration and microsatellite instability. Also, whereas BRAF-mutated tumours displayed increased immune-cell infiltration compared to BRAF wild-type tumours, the opposite was seen for KRAS-mutated tumours, differences that were most prominent for cytotoxic T cells and Th1 cells. The opposing relationships of BRAF and KRAS mutations with tumour infiltration of cytotoxic T cells was validated in an independent cohort of 608 CRC patients. A positive prognostic importance of cytotoxic T cells was found in wild-type as well as KRAS and BRAF-mutated CRCs in both cohorts.Conclusion: A combined evaluation of MSI status, KRAS and BRAF mutational status, and immune infiltration (cytotoxic T cells) may provide important insights to prognosis and response to immunotherapy in CRC.
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| 6. |
- Hagnerud, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Deficit of CD47 results in a defect of marginal zone dendritic cells, blunted immune response to particulate antigen and impairment of skin dendritic cell migration.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - 0022-1767. ; 176:10, s. 5772-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CD47 is a ubiquitously expressed cell surface glycoprotein that associates with integrins and regulates chemotaxis, migration, and activation of leukocytes. CD47 is also a ligand for signal regulatory protein alpha, a cell surface receptor expressed on monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic cell (DC) subsets that regulates cell activation, adhesion, and migration. Although the function of CD47 in macrophages and granulocytes has been studied in detail, little is known about the role of CD47 in DC biology in vivo. In this study we demonstrate that CD47(-/-) mice exhibit a selective reduction of splenic CD11c(high)CD11b(high)CD8alpha(-)CD4(+) DCs. These DCs correspond to marginal zone DCs and express signal regulatory protein alpha, possibly explaining their selective deficiency in CD47(-/-) mice. Deficiency of marginal zone DCs resulted in impairment of IgG responses to corpusculate T cell-independent Ags. Although epidermal DCs were present in normal numbers in CD47(-/-) mice, their migration to draining lymph nodes in response to contact sensitization was impaired, while their maturation was intact. In vitro, CD47(-/-) mature DCs showed normal CCR7 expression but impaired migration to CCL-19, whereas immature DC response to CCL-5 was only slightly impaired. These results demonstrate a fundamental role of CD47 in DC migration in vivo and in vitro and in the function of marginal zone DCs.
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| 7. |
- Karlsson Green, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Making sense of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in the light of evolution
- 2020
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Ingår i: Evolutionary applications. - : Wiley. - 1752-4571. ; 13, s. 1791-1805
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a holistic approach to combat pests (including herbivores, pathogens, and weeds) using a combination of preventive and curative actions, and only applying synthetic pesticides when there is an urgent need. Just as the recent recognition that an evolutionary perspective is useful in medicine to understand and predict interactions between hosts, diseases, and medical treatments, we argue that it is crucial to integrate an evolutionary framework in IPM to develop efficient and reliable crop protection strategies that do not lead to resistance development in herbivores, pathogens, and weeds. Such a framework would not only delay resistance evolution in pests, but also optimize each element of the management and increase the synergies between them. Here, we outline key areas within IPM that would especially benefit from a thorough evolutionary understanding. In addition, we discuss the difficulties and advantages of enhancing communication among research communities rooted in different biological disciplines and between researchers and society. Furthermore, we present suggestions that could advance implementation of evolutionary principles in IPM and thus contribute to the development of sustainable agriculture that is resilient to current and emerging pests.
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| 8. |
- Klemedtsson, Åsa Kasimir, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Low nitrous oxide emission from organic management results in efficient production
- 2012
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Ingår i: Planet under Pressure, new knowledge towards solutions, Poster session 2.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We compare nitrous oxide (N2O) emission due to organic and integrated conventional farming systems on a research farm "Logården" in south-west Sweden. The soil is characterized by an average clay content of 40%. Both systems have 7 year crop rotations since 1991. Faba beans and spring wheat crops in each management system are compared. The faba bean crops did not receive any nitrogen addition. The organic fields were weeded by hoe while the integrated fields had an under-sown catch crop. Spring wheat followed the next year after the beans, where both managements had a green manure crop under-sown. Fertiliser is only given to the conventional field, 110 kg N ha-1. N2O emission rate was measured by manual chambers during two years. Gas samples were collected every second week and more frequent during freeze/thaw events and at management occasions. Integrated beans had significantly higher emissions (2.3 kg N2O-N ha-1) than the organic. The organic wheat had the significantly lowest average N2O emission (0.2 kg N2O-N ha-1) one year out of two The overall emission is governed by very few occasions of high emissions, mainly in spring and autumn but not specifically following fertiliser addition. We try to explain the causal factors. Yield-scaled N2O emission (emitted N2O-N per harvested N) was found low for both management systems producing wheat but only for the organic faba beans, all having ca 10 g N2O-N kg-1 harvested N, which was twice as high for the integrated beans. Based on our results we discuss options for sustainable and productive agricultural management characterised by low emissions.
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| 10. |
- Koskinen, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Lack of CD47 impairs bone cell differentiation and results in an osteopenic phenotype in vivo due to impaired signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) signaling
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 288:41, s. 29333-29344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we investigated whether the cell surface glycoprotein CD47 was required for normal formation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts and to maintain normal bone formation activity in vitro and in vivo. In parathyroid hormone or 1α,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 (D3)-stimulated bone marrow cultures (BMC) from CD47(-/-) mice, we found a strongly reduced formation of multinuclear tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)(+) osteoclasts, associated with reduced expression of osteoclastogenic genes (nfatc1, Oscar, Trap/Acp, ctr, catK, and dc-stamp). The production of M-CSF and RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ ligand) was reduced in CD47(-/-) BMC, as compared with CD47(+/+) BMC. The stromal cell phenotype in CD47(-/-) BMC involved a blunted expression of the osteoblast-associated genes osterix, Alp/Akp1, and α-1-collagen, and reduced mineral deposition, as compared with that in CD47(+/+) BMC. CD47 is a ligand for SIRPα (signal regulatory protein α), which showed strongly reduced tyrosine phosphorylation in CD47(-/-) bone marrow stromal cells. In addition, stromal cells lacking the signaling SIRPα cytoplasmic domain also had a defect in osteogenic differentiation, and both CD47(-/-) and non-signaling SIRPα mutant stromal cells showed a markedly reduced ability to support osteoclastogenesis in wild-type bone marrow macrophages, demonstrating that CD47-induced SIRPα signaling is critical for stromal cell support of osteoclast formation. In vivo, femoral bones of 18- or 28-week-old CD47(-/-) mice showed significantly reduced osteoclast and osteoblast numbers and exhibited an osteopenic bone phenotype. In conclusion, lack of CD47 strongly impairs SIRPα-dependent osteoblast differentiation, deteriorate bone formation, and cause reduced formation of osteoclasts.
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