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- Boström, Lena, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Student conceptions of motivation to study revealed through phenomenography: Differences and similarities among primary school students
- 2023
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Ingår i: Social Sciences & Humanities Open. - 2590-2911. ; 8:1, s. 100505-100505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined a group of primary Swedish students' conceptions of their own motivation for learning. Altogether, 68 students in Grades 3, 6, and 8 participated in the study, in which similarities and differences among students in the three grades were considered. Theoretical and methodological aspects were guided by the phenomenographical approach. For most students, positive and negative influences on motivation emerged in seven distinct categories: feelings, teachers, teaching, subjects, learning environment, classmates, and well-being. The apparent importance of good teachers, structured and varied lessons, practical aesthetic subjects and more group-rooms was similar across the three different grades. Differences that emerged were students' reduced joy in learning, decreased interest in mathematics, higher levels of stress and pressure, more worry and anxiety, higher degree of preparation for the future, and a greater need for individualisation for the older students. The study's results confirm previous research but also provide new knowledge about variations across the grades and more specific factors that promote or inhibit students' motivation to study.
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- Dahlin, Lars B., et al.
(författare)
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Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injuries : Experimental Models for Repair and Reconstruction
- 2019
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Ingår i: Animal Models of Neurotrauma. - New York, NY : Springer New York. - 0893-2336 .- 1940-6045. - 9781493997114 - 9781493997091 ; 149, s. 169-186
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peripheral nerve injuries are difficult to treat, and the clinical outcome after surgical repair and reconstruction is still insufficient, particularly concerning recovery of sensory function. To improve the clinical treatment strategies, experimental models are used to systematically examine the mechanisms behind nerve regeneration and assess the improvement of nerve regeneration by introduction of new surgical nerve repair and reconstruction methods (e.g., novel devices made by bioartificial materials). Rat models, where the sciatic nerve has essentially a similar size as a human digital nerve, are widely used to evaluate nerve regeneration with the inherent advantages and disadvantages of the experimental models. Estimations revealing that a large number of diabetic patients will eventually suffer from peripheral nerve injury have motivated development of suitable experimental diabetes models for studying the nerve regeneration process and novel treatment approaches. We have successfully used the Goto-Kakizaki rat model, which shows moderately increased blood sugar closely resembling type 2 diabetes, for assessing the surgical peripheral nerve regeneration potential with and without artificial scaffolds. In order to improve outcome after repair and reconstruction of nerve injuries, one has to have a clear concept concerning how to evaluate novel repair and reconstruction techniques in experimental models before clinical studies can be initiated in an accurate way.
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- Dahlin, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Galanin expression in sensory neurons after nerve compression or transection.
- 2003
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 1473-558X. ; 14:3, s. 359-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Galanin is probably involved in nociceptive sensory processing in spinal cord. We investigated whether a common injury, peripheral nerve compression, induced up-regulation of galanin (immunocytochemistry) in sensory neurons in rats 6 or 14 days post-injury and compared the response with other nerve injuries. Sciatic nerve compression increased the number of galanin positive sensory neurons as compared to uninjured and contralateral dorsal root ganglia. Complete transection was more efficient than a partial transection and a slight compression injury as an inducer of galanin. Mainly small diameter sensory neurons became positive but also some large diameter neurons. We conclude that nerve compression up-regulates galanin in sensory neurons. The extent of the induction could be related to the severity of nerve injury.
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- Dahlin, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Nerve compression induces activating transcription factor 3 in neurons and Schwann cells in diabetic rats.
- 2008
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 1473-558X. ; 19:9, s. 987-990
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expression of transcription factor ATF3 in sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglion and in Schwann cells in sciatic nerve of diabetic (BB and Goto-Kakizaki rats; experimental models of types 1 and 2 diabetes, respectively) and healthy rats were examined by immunocytochemistry after nerve compression (silicone tube) for 3, 6 or 14 days. ATF3-stained sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia and Schwann cells at compression site were more frequent in diabetic BB rats. Decompression of nerves in Goto-Kakizaki rats did not reduce number of ATF3-stained cells. Diabetes (BB; i.e. type 1) confers on the peripheral nerve an increased susceptibility to nerve compression indicated by an increased expression of stained ATF3 neurons and Schwann cells.
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- Elmståhl, Sölve, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral disturbances and pharmacological treatment of patients with dementia in family caregiving : A 2-year follow-up
- 1998
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Ingår i: International Psychogeriatrics. - 1041-6102. ; 10:3, s. 239-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Behavioral disturbances are common in dementia. Polypharmacy due to progression of disease and fluctuation of symptoms among patients might increase risk of overtreatment and/or undertreatment. Drug prescription habits were studied in relationship to symptoms of dementia after relocation of patients to group-living care units (GC). Seventy-six demented patients (mean age 81 years) were assessed before, 12 months after, and 24 months after relocation to GC. Vascular dementia was found in 47%, Alzheimer's dementia in 46%, and other dementias in 7%. Medications, regular or as required, were recorded from medication lists. Repeated observations of symptoms like depressive mood and lack of vitality were made with validated scales. Eighty percent of the patients were prescribed drugs; 40% were given neuroleptics and 9% were given antidepressants. During the 2-year follow-up, polypharmacy increased; patients with five drugs or more increased from 15% to 35%; usage of neuroleptics or sedatives, as required, increased from 8% to 25%, p < .01. Depressive mood was noted in 86% after 2 years and 74% showed aggressiveness and anxiety, but only 12% of the patients with depressive symptoms were on antidepressants. Analgesics were prescribed to 26% of patients. In conclusion, a high proportion of patients with dementia had depressive mood and undertreatment of depressive disorder might be suspected. Polypharmacy increased during the 2-year follow-up; this finding calls for careful monitoring of adverse drug reactions, because of the deteriorating cognitive function of these patients.
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