| 1. |
- Bilén, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Miljökvalitetsmålen 2016 : Årlig uppföljning av miljökvalitetsmålen
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Blekinge bedöms inte något miljökvalitetsmål vara möjligt att nå till år 2020. För att kunna lämna över ett hållbart samhälle till nästa generation krävs förebyggande arbete, ef?????????????????r. Ambitionerna måste öka och miljöfrågorna prioriteras högre på den politiska agendan.De mål som rör biologisk mångfald och bevarande av kulturmiljö följer enneutral eller negativ trend. I odlingslandskapet leder färre lantbrukare ochbrist på betesdjur till igenväxning av hagmarker. Livsmiljöer försvinner och????????????????????????????????????????,främst möte insekter.För att god ekologisk status ska uppnås i vattendragen behövs ny vattenlagstiftning och mer resurser för tillsyn. I Blekinges kustvatten är övergödning ett stort miljöproblem och det krävs kraftfulla åtgärder för att minska näringsläckaget. Arbetet med vattenförsörjningsplaner behöver fortsätta för att trygga framtida dricksvattenförsörjning. De senaste årens fynd av PFAS i dricksvatten visar på vikten av att skydda vattentäkter, genomföra riskbedömningar och undersöka förekomst av föroreningar.Obalans mellan den tätbefolkade kusten och den glesbyggda landsbygden är en utmaning i länet. Byggandet vid kusten ställer krav på en hänsynsfull bebyggelseutveckling som tydligt beaktar miljökvalitetsmålen.Internationella överenskommelser om kemikalier och minskade utsläpp till luft och vatten är nödvändigt för att uppnå uppsatta mål. Dessutom behövs en omställning till ett samhälle som baseras på förnybar energi. För att skapa en hållbar framtid måste vi förändra vår livsstil och vår attityd till konsumtion. Lokala och regionala åtgärder såsom arbete för en giftfri förskola och minskade utsläpp av mikroplaster är steg i rätt riktning.Minskad biologisk mångfald påverkar tillsammans med klimatförändringar, övergödning och miljögifter många av de ekosystemtjänster som vi är beroende av för mänsklig välfärd och en hållbar samhällsutveckling. Det pågår insatser som förbättrar tillståndet i miljön, men det går för långsamt. Det krävs mer resurser och modiga politiska beslut för att möjliggöra en hållbar framtid, den framtid som vi är skyldiga våra barn!
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| 2. |
- Bilén, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Miljökvalitetsmålen 2017 : Årlig uppföljning av miljömålen i Blekinge
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Trots miljöarbetet varit framgångsrikt inom många områden är nuvarande styrmedel och åtgärder inte tillräckliga. Inte något av de miljömål som bedöms på regional nivå kommer att uppnås till år 2020. För Frisk luft är utvecklingen i miljön positiv. För övriga mål bedöms utvecklingen vara neutral eller negativ. Minskad biologisk mångfald påverkar tillsammans med klimatförändringar, övergödning och miljögifter många av de ekosystemtjänster som vi är beroende av för mänsklig välfärd och en hållbar samhällsutveckling. Obalans mellan den tätbefolkade kusten och den glesbyggda landsbygden är en utmaning i länet. Byggandet vid kusten ställer krav på en hänsynsfull bebyggelseutveckling som tydligt beaktar miljökvalitetsmålen. De mål som rör biologisk mångfald och bevarande av kulturmiljö följer en neutral eller negativ trend. I odlingslandskapet leder färre lantbrukare och brist på betesdjur till igenväxning av hagmarker. Livsmiljöer försvinner och arter får det svårare att överleva. Lagring av flisvirke sommartid utgör ett hot, främst mot insekter. För att god ekologisk status ska uppnås i vattendragen behövs ny vattenlagstiftning och mer resurser för tillsyn. I Blekinges kustvatten är övergödning ett stort miljöproblem och det krävs kraftfulla åtgärder för att minska näringsläckaget. Arbetet med vattenförsörjningsplaner behöver fortsätta för att trygga framtida dricksvattenförsörjning. De senaste årens fynd av PFAS i dricksvatten visar på vikten av att skydda vattentäkter, genomföra riskbedömningar och undersöka förekomst av föroreningar. Internationella överenskommelser om kemikalier och minskade utsläpp till luft och vatten är nödvändigt för att uppnå uppsatta mål. Dessutom behövs en omställning till ett samhälle som baseras på förnybar energi. För att skapa en hållbar framtid måste vi förändra vår livsstil och vår attityd till konsumtion. Åtgärder såsom kommunala insatser för en giftfri förskola och att ställa miljökrav vid upphandling är steg i rätt riktning. Det pågår alltså insatser som förbättrar tillståndet i miljön, men det går för långsamt. Det krävs mer resurser och modiga politiska beslut för att möjliggöra en hållbar framtid, den framtid som vi är skyldiga våra barn!
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| 3. |
- Ringbom, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Cox-2 inhibitory effects of naturally occurring and modified fatty acids
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of natural products (Print). - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0163-3864 .- 1520-6025. ; 64:6, s. 745-749
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the search for new cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitors, the inhibitory effects of naturally occurring fatty acids and some of their structural derivatives on COX-2-catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis were investigated. Among these fatty acids, linoleic acid (LA), alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-LNA), myristic acid, and palmitic acid were isolated from a CH(2)Cl(2) extract of the plant Plantago major by bioassay-guided fractionation. Inhibitory effects of other natural, structurally related fatty acids were also investigated: stearic acid, oleic acid, pentadecanoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Further, the inhibitory effects of these compounds on COX-2- and COX-1-catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis was compared with the inhibition of some synthesized analogues of EPA and DHA with ether or thioether functions. The most potent COX-2-catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibitor was all-(Z)-5-thia-8,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid (2), followed by EPA, DHA, alpha-LNA, LA, (7E,11Z,14Z,17Z)-5-thiaeicosa-7,11,14,17-tetraenoic acid, all-(Z)-3-thia-6,9,12,15-octadecatetraenoic acid, and (5E,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-3-oxaheneicosa-5,9,12,15,18-pentaenoic acid, with IC(50) values ranging from 3.9 to180 microM. The modified compound 2 and alpha-LNA were most selective toward COX-2, with COX-2/COX-1 ratios of 0.2 and 0.1, respectively. This study shows that several of the natural fatty acids as well as all of the semisynthetic thioether-containing fatty acids inhibited COX-2-catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis, where alpha-LNA and compound 2 showed selectivity toward COX-2.
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| 4. |
- Stenholm, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Leachables from Trametes versicolor in Biodegradation Experiments
- 2016
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Ingår i: Trends in Green Chemistry. - : Scitechnol Biosoft Pvt. Ltd.. - 2471-9889. ; 4:1:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transport of fungal-derived compounds from Trametes versicolor to the environment was investigated. Fatty acids and sphingoids were identified at the outlet of a bioreactor containing an acidic nutrient solution and immobilized fungal mycelia. The analyses were conducted using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS (/MS). Eleven fatty acids, including C20:0, C18:1-OH and C20:0-OH that have not been previously described for this species, were detected. The identities of myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) were confirmed using reference standards. Six sphingoids, including Sph (t18:0), Sph (t18:1), Sph (d18:0), Sph (d18:1), Sph (d16:0) and Sph (d16:1), were tentatively identified, and the identities of Sph (d18:0) and Sph (d18:1) were confirmed by reference standards. The findings show that an array of compounds, with concentrations at the μgL-1 level, was easily transported from the fungal mycelia. This is of concern when the investigated species is used in biodegradation experiments of xenobiotics and conclusions are to be drawn on the quality of the treated water. The study thus shows that the chemical composition of water treated with Trametes versicolor is also influenced by the immobilized fungus itself. The lipids that were detected, including fatty acids and sphingoids do not present any threat to the environment since they are not toxic. At μgL-1 concentration levels, they are soluble in water.
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| 5. |
- Stenholm, Åke, 1954-
(författare)
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Investigation of degradation of toxic substances in fungal cultures by mass spectrometric techniques
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Micropollutants in water are biological or chemical contaminants that are present in ground and surface waters in trace quantities. They are a result of human activity and include pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). They are eluted to urban wastewater treatment plants (UWWTPs) from households, industries and hospitals. Some of the compounds are recalcitrant (persistent) which means that they enter the aquatic environments in intact forms. In this thesis, some selected micropollutants in water of environmental concern have been chosen to be investigated whether they are suited for biodegradation using filamentous fungi in non-sterile environments. The compounds of key interest were the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac, nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) and finally the aminoglycoside antibiotic neomycin.The white rot fungus (WRF) Trametes versicolor was chosen as the main fungal species candidate in the project. It was used in batchwise and in small scale bioreactor experiments. Mycelia of the species were immobilized on polyurethane foam (PUF) and it was shown that PUF could be used as adsorbent for diclofenac and NPEOs. Furthermore, the species could biodegrade both compounds under co-metabolic conditions (presence of external nutrients). Using UHPLC-Q-TOF MS, with reversed phase chromatography, it was possible to measure the concentration levels of these two target compounds and to tentatively identify previously known and unknown biodegradation products.A screening of 42 fungal species was performed to investigate their ability to survive and grow in a matrix containing toxic nitrogen containing industrial chemicals. Based on this investigation, it was concluded that there are species that are compatible with these harsh conditions which also contained high salt levels. From this study, the mycorrhizal fungal species Rhizoscyphus ericae was selected to be further investigated whether it can biodegrade neomycin.It was concluded that PUF immobilized Trametes versicolor is able to remove a majority of neomycin in co-metabolically performed experiments. In vitro experiments (excluding mycelia), were also performed including a laccase redox mediator system. It was feasible to tentatively determine biodegradation mechanisms that was plausible for both these experimental designs. By varying the levels of nutrients and neomycin and introducing Rhizoscyphus ericae, it was shown that this fungal species is able to use neomycin as nutrient in contrary to Trametes versicolor which only biodegrades neomycin under co-metabolic conditions.
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| 6. |
- Stenholm, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of neomycin biodegradation conditions using ericoid mycorrhizal and white rot fungal species
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Biotechnology. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1472-6750. ; 22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In the search for methods to biodegrade recalcitrant compounds, the use of saprotrophic fungi and white rot fungi, in particular belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota, has gained interest. This group of fungi possesses a battery of unspecific extracellular enzymes that can be utilized in the biodegradation of preferably phenolic compounds. In this work, it was investigated under which conditions the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor and the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Rhizoscyphus ericae (belonging to the phylum Ascomycota) could be used to biodegrade the antibiotic aminoglycoside neomycin at co-metabolic conditions in which external nutrients were supplied. Furthermore, it was also investigated whether a biodegradation could be accomplished using neomycin as the sole nutrient.Results: The results show that both species can biodegrade neomycin 70% under co-metabolic conditions during a one-week time course and that Rhizoscyphus ericae is able to use neomycin as sole nutrient and to approximatively biodegrade it 60% under chosen non co-metabolic conditions. At selected conditions, the biodegradation of neomycin using Rhizoscyphus ericae was monitored by oxidation products of D-ribose which is a hydrolysis product of neomycin.Conclusion: The results are of general interest in the search for fungal species that can biodegrade recalcitrant compounds without the need of external nutrients. The key future application area that will be investigated is purification of waste from recombinant protein production in which neomycin, nutrients and E. coli with neomycin resistance genes are present.
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| 7. |
- Stenholm, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Neomycin removal using the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1093-4529 .- 1532-4117. ; 57:6, s. 436-447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and in river and lake recipients show the need to develop new antibiotic removal strategies. The aminoglycoside antibiotic class is of special concern since the chemical structure of these compounds limits the choices of removal technologies. The experimental design included fungal mediated in vivo and in vitro experiments. The experiments were performed in Erlenmeyer flasks under non-sterile conditions. In the study, the role of the laccase redox mediator 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (HBA) in the removal of neomycin was investigated. The specific objective of the study was to conclude whether it is possible to use the white rot fungus (WRF) Trametes versicolor to biodegrade neomycin. It was shown that it is feasible to remove 34% neomycin in vitro (excluding living fungal cells) by laccase-HBA mediated extracellular biodegradation. In the in vivo experiments, polyurethane foam (PUF) was used as supporting material to immobilize fungal mycelia on. The presence of living fungal cells facilitated a removal of approximately 80% neomycin in the absence of HBA. Using liquid chromatography-high resolution-mass spectrometry, it was possible to tentatively identify oxidation products of neomycin hydrolysates. The results in this study open up the possibility to implement a pretreatment plant (PTP) aimed for neomycin removal.
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| 8. |
- Stenholm, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Removal of diclofenac from a non-sterile aqueous system using Trametes versicolor with an emphasis on adsorption and biodegradation mechanisms
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-3330 .- 1479-487X. ; 40:19, s. 2460-2472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the search for procedures through which the xenobiotic pollutant diclofenac can be removed from non-sterile aquatic systems. Specifically, adsorption to solid supports (carriers) in combination with biodegradation by non-immobilized and immobilized white rot fungus Trametes versicolor were investigated. Batch experiments using polyurethane foam (PUF)-carriers resulted in 99.9% diclofenac removal after 4 h, with monolayer adsorption of diclofenac to carrier and glass surfaces accounting for most of the diclofenac decrease. Enzymatic reactions contributed less, accounting for approximately < 0.5% of this decrease. In bioreactor experiments using PUF-carriers, an initial 100% removal was achieved with biodegradation contributing approximately 7%. In batch experiments that utilized polyethylene-carriers with negligible immobilization of Trametes versicolor, a 98% total diclofenac removal was achieved after one week, with a biodegradation contribution of approximately 14%. Five novel enzyme-catalyzed biodegradation products were tentatively identified in the batch-wise and bioreactor experiments using full scan ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry. Both reduction and oxidation products were found, with the contents estimated to be at µg L-1 concentration levels.
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| 9. |
- Stenholm, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Removal of nonylphenol polyethoxylates by adsorption on polyurethane foam and biodegradation using immobilized Trametes versicolor
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) are banned in EU due to their endocrine disrupting properties. In a proof of concept study including continuous reactor lab-scale experiments, polyurethane foam (PUF)-immobilized Trametes versicolor was used to reduce the concentration levels of these compounds in an acidic nutrient solution over an 18-day period. Biodegradation and adsorption were identified as the major removal principles. A 90% removal was achieved by solely biodegradation in an experimental setup in which steady state conditions occurred, including NPEO-saturated glass and PUF surfaces. Biotransformation products containing mono- and di-ethoxylated nonylphenol, nonylphenol (NP1EO, NP2EO, NP) and nonylphenol polyethoxy carboxylates (NPECs) were tentatively identified.The maximum static NPEO adsorption capacity of PUF (determined with Erlenmeyer flask experiment) was calculated to 106 mg g−1, and the adsorption was described by the Langmuir isotherm equation. The corresponding maximum dynamic adsorption capacity (determined by continuous reactor experiment) was 100 mg g−1. These findings show that PUF is an excellent adsorbent to NPEOs. Therefore, PUF can either be used as a stand-alone adsorbent to NPEOs or as an immobilizing agent for Trametes versicolor through which a highly efficient biodegradation of these potentially harmful compounds can be achieved. The findings can be of importance in the search for alternative methods to remove NPEOs in process effluents.
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| 10. |
- Stenholm, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Removal of toluene diamine and its derivatives frompolyurethane foam using immobilized Trametes versicolor
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advances in Environmental Biology. - : American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information (AENSI). - 1995-0756 .- 1998-1066. ; 13:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In addition to uses in home furnishings and the construction sector, polyurethane foam (PUF) is also prevalent in medical products such as scaffolds and implants. However, these applications raise concerns for human health as the use of this material can result in exposure to the carcinogenic substance 2,4-toluenediamine (2,4-TDA). The objective of this study was to identify easily extracted PUF-residuals and to study the removal of them in a biodegradation experiment including immobilized Trametes versicolor. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF MS) was used in MS and MS/MS-mode to confirm the identities of PUF-related compounds and follow their concentration changes. Results: Except for 2,4-TDA and 2,6-TDA which were confirmed by standards, previously not reported substances were tentatively identified, among them TDA-dimers. These dimers include homodimers, heterodimers containing 2,4-TDA and 2,6-TDA and compounds that are hydroxylated. The experiments that were performed in an acidic fungal culture revealed a not previously described removal of these compounds below the approximate nM detection limit. The mechanisms behind their removal may include biosorption to fungal mycelia, bioaccumulation, use of them as nutrients or extracellular catabolism. Conclusion: The results of this study not only highlight the ease by which harmful compounds were extracted from the investigated PUF-quality which is used in non-medical applications, but also the possibility to use fungal-based methods to eliminate them. This could be facilitated by an initial extraction of PUF (excluding fungi) followed by a removal of the substances with PUF-immobilized Trametes versicolor.The findings in this study may be of interest to further investigate PUF-residuals in products aimed for medical applications.
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