| 1. |
- Breznau, Nate, et al.
(författare)
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Observing many researchers using the same data and hypothesis reveals a hidden universe of uncertainty
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores how researchers analytical choices affect the reliability of scientific findings. Most discussions of reliability problems in science focus on systematic biases. We broaden the lens to emphasize the idiosyncrasy of conscious and unconscious decisions that researchers make during data analysis. We coordinated 161 researchers in 73 research teams and observed their research decisions as they used the same data to independently test the same prominent social science hypothesis: that greater immigration reduces support for social policies among the public. In this typical case of social science research, research teams reported both widely diverging numerical findings and substantive conclusions despite identical start conditions. Researchers expertise, prior beliefs, and expectations barely predict the wide variation in research outcomes. More than 95% of the total variance in numerical results remains unexplained even after qualitative coding of all identifiable decisions in each teams workflow. This reveals a universe of uncertainty that remains hidden when considering a single study in isolation. The idiosyncratic nature of how researchers results and conclusions varied is a previously underappreciated explanation for why many scientific hypotheses remain contested. These results call for greater epistemic humility and clarity in reporting scientific findings.
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| 2. |
- Olhager, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Design of global production and distribution networks: A literature review and research agenda
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. - 0960-0035. ; 45:1-2, s. 138-158
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to systematically and critically review the extant literature on the design of global production and distribution networks to identify gaps in the literature and identify future research opportunities. The design aspects deal with strategic and structural decisions such as: opening or closing of manufacturing plants or distribution centres, selection of locations for manufacturing or warehousing, and making substantial capacity changes in manufacturing or distribution. Design/methodology/approach – We examine the peer-reviewed literature on global production and distribution networks written in English. The search strategy is based on selected keywords and databases. We identify 109 articles from 1974 to 2012. Findings – We categorize the literature according to research methodology: case studies, conceptual modelling, surveys, and mathematical modelling. The amount of literature up to 2000 is rather sparse, while there is a positive trend from 2000 and onwards. The content analysis shows that different research methodologies focus on different but complementary aspects. We propose a research agenda for further research on design of global production and distribution networks. Research limitations/implications – We identify research opportunities related to complementary actor perspectives, extended supply chains that explicitly include transportation and suppliers, contingency factors, and new perspectives such as facility roles within production and distribution networks. Original/value – This paper is to our knowledge the first broad review that investigates the design aspects of production and distribution facilities as well as transportation in global production and distribution networks across multiple research methodologies.
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| 3. |
- Olhager, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Design of global production and distribution networks: A literature review and research agenda
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 25th annual NOFOMA conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to systematically and critically review the extant literature on the design of global production and distribution networks to identify gaps in the literature and identify future research opportunities. The design aspects deal with strategic and structural decisions such as: opening or closing of manufacturing plants or distribution centres, selection of locations for manufacturing or warehousing, and making substantial capacity changes in manufacturing, distribution or transportation. Design/methodology/approach – We examine the peer-reviewed literature on global production and distribution networks written in English. The search strategy is based on selected keywords and databases. We identify 109 articles from 1974 to 2012. Findings – We categorize the literature according to research methodology: case studies, conceptual modelling, surveys, and mathematical modelling. The amount of literature up to 2000 is rather sparse, while there is a positive trend from 2000 and onwards. The content analysis shows that different research methodologies focus on different but complementary aspects. We propose a research agenda for further research on design of global production and distribution networks. Research limitations/implications – We identify research opportunities related to complementary actor perspectives, extended supply chains that explicitly include transportation and suppliers, contingency factors, and new perspectives such as plant roles within production and distribution networks. Original/value – This paper is to our knowledge the first broad review that investigates the design aspects of the interrelationships between production and distribution facilities as well as transportation in global production and distribution networks across multiple research methodologies.
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