| 1. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Quick clay - A case study of chemical perspective in Southwest Sweden
- 2005
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Ingår i: Engineering Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-7952. ; 82:2, s. 107-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quick clay, a soil that changes from normal firm ground to a liquid mass when it is disturbed, has been involved in most of the large and serious clay slides in Sweden, Norway and Canada. The location, time of occurrence and size of quick clay slides are difficult to predict and large slides may cause great devastation. Some geochemical studies of Swedish quick clay were done in the 1960s and early 1970s, but no systematic studies of the interrelationships of pore water chemistry, mineralogy, geotechnical properties and other parameters on quick clays in Sweden have been published. Such studies are of national and general interest because of the many combinations of rock flour source areas and sedimentation conditions that occurred across central Sweden and into the Baltic Sea area during deglaciation. In this study, geotechnical properties related to the in situ chemistry at one quick clay site were extensively studied, and spot sampling was conducted at two other locations in Southwest Sweden. In this area the clay minerals mainly are non-expanding phyllosilicate minerals (illite) and primary minerals (quartz, feldspar), which is consistent with previous studies of quick clay mineralogy. Extensive leaching has occurred at all three locations. At the extensively studied site, Surte, the lowest salinity was found at the greatest depth, inferring that the leaching by fresh water was accomplished by water movement upward and laterally through the sediment from the underlying bedrock. This is consistent with the local setting where bedrock hills rise sharply to over 100 in above the marine sediment surface. An artesian pressure would also be anticipated at this location. There is a correlation (negative) between sensitivity and salinity but there is an indication that the maximum salinity or electrical conductivity consistent with the quick clay behaviour is higher than reported elsewhere. However, for high sensitivities the salinity is about the same as reported elsewhere. In the deepest part of the borehole, there is a higher content of Fe and Al in the pore water, indicating reduced state. Further work is needed to confirm the difference in salinity and to investigate the possible interplay of salinity and potential dispersing agents such as the role of anoxic conditions, in this region. Further work is especially needed in the locations where the sediment accumulation occurred under lower salinity conditions. At all three locations, high remoulded shear strength and low sensitivity have been seen near the surface together with a decrease in pore water cation concentrations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bornmalm, Lennart, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Geopark comparisons and functional modeling
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM. - 9786197603361
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- UNESCO’s Global Geopark Network reflects the importance of geo-heritage for society. The wide range of characteristics and the varied connections to the local ecology and culture are significant for their individual management. The aim of this article is to use comparisons between Geoparks as a step toward a generic, conceptual model that can be adapted and used to understand the crucial, functional relationships between system variables and how these variables can be optimized for stainable management. A general comparison of European Geoparks is combined with specific examples from England, Russia and Sweden. Geoparks combine geological, cultural and ecological heritage goals in varying degrees, but usually most balanced in the larger Geoparks with a pronounced landscape perspective, where the physical and biological resources have impacted cultural and ecological developments most clearly. “Functional Facies” are defined here by the functional associations between system components in the landscape. Modeling with different levels of detail can help deal with the relationship complexities, both for understanding the system and for predictive modeling for management decision support. System modeling of “Landscape Geoparks” can offer management support beyond preservation and educational measures that are most commonly in focus. Regional and global issues also need the holistic approach based on the physical and biological resources in the landscape that Geoparks can help provide.
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| 4. |
- Bornmalm, Lennart, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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The geopark concept and landscape sustainability, case study in Bohuslan, Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM. - : STEF92 Technology. - 9786197603200
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Geopark is a demarcated area with particularly interesting geologic heritage. Since the physical landscape is intimately related to both cultural and ecological characteristics, knowledge about geological sites can be essential for management of the resources in these settings. In this context, we suggest the term “Landscape Geopark” in order to stress the regional system perspective. Therefore, various stakeholders need to be included in Geopark planning, including researchers, tourists, seasonal and permanent residents, government offices, NGOs, and local industry. The archipelago and coastal landscape in Bohuslan, along the Swedish west coast, have uniquely influenced historical development of and changes in fishing, farming, and tourism. Stakeholder influence is centrally important for the sustainable, landscape-scale management of both economy and geoheritage. We use conceptual modelling of “system” components and processes to include the qualitative and quantitative information from relevant research and local stakeholders. In particular, the model aims to address the likely consequences in 20 years if a Geopark is or is not established. Although geoheritage is always site specific, Geopark models will allow comparisons between sites and information exchange, for instance in the ongoing PLATFORM project.
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| 5. |
- Cato, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Gerard De Geer - a pioneer in Quaternary geology in Scandinavia
- 2012
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Ingår i: Baltica. - : Association of Lithuanian Serials (Publications). - 0067-3064. ; 25:1, s. 1-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper presents a pioneer in Quaternary geology, both internationally and in Scandinavia - the Swedish geologist and professor Gerard De Geer (1858-1943). This is done, first by highlighting one of his most important contributions to science - the varve chronology - a method he used to describe the Weichselian land ice recession over Scandinavia, and secondly by the re publication of a summary article on Gerard De Geer's early scientific achievement in 1881-1906 related to the Baltic Sea geology, written by his wife, Ebba Hult De Geer.
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| 6. |
- Frogner-Kockum, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Metal contaminant fluxes across the sediment water interface
- 2016
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X. ; 111:1-2, s. 321-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To date,most estimates of contaminant fluxes across the sediment/water interface in risk assessments have been done using diffusive flux models. However, the reliability of these is limited as the overall flux from the sediment may have contributions caused by advection and bioturbation. We found through a comparison of modelled fluxes versus measured fluxes, that the methods Benthic Flux Chamber and surface leaching tests in a risk assessment context showed similar magnitude while calculated fluxes deviated at least by a factor of 100 from measured fluxes. This may be explained by the flux contribution in connection with bioturbation. The chambermeasured fluxes of copper were low compared to those of zinc and cobalt, but this is consistent with leaching tests that indicated copper to be more strongly bound. Risk assessments based on total concentrations may be misleading.
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| 7. |
- Göransson, Gunnel, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of climate change and natural hazard on the quality of surface waters
- 2012
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Ingår i: 4th Join Nordic Meeting on Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Sept. 18-21, Oslo.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate change increased rainfall and increased risk of rising groundwater levels in urban areas and its impact on the pollution of urban water has received little attention until now. As well has the impact from natural hazards on the distribution and spreading of pollutant received little attention. This short paper for the NORDROCS 2012 conference summarises the result from two projects that aims to highlight these issues.
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| 8. |
- Hernández Gomis, Rebeca, et al.
(författare)
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Qanat groundwater infrastructures and sustainability in arid regions
- 2018
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Ingår i: 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference SGEM 2018. - Sofia, Bulgaria : STEF92 Technology Ltd.. - 1314-2704. - 9786197408720
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Qanats (or karez) are ancient, sub-horizontal, underground water tunnels that have served over centuries as main water-supply systems in arid and semi-arid regions, in particular in the Middle East and North Africa. As part of a knowledge exchange program and with the participation of young Afghan refugees, analyses of Google Earth satellite imagery in three study areas in southeaster Afghanistan allowed the location of hundreds of qanats. The main aim of this study was to test the use of alluvial-fan qanats to derive groundwater elevations based on the depth of the Mother Well (located highest on the fan slope).
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| 9. |
- Ivanov, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-criteria evaluation of the Volga energy cascade
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM. - 9786197603248
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Volga River is essentially a cascade of reservoirs that provide hydroelectric energy. This technical solution made it possible to produce electricity for industrialization, to ensure the passage of river-sea vessels between five seas and to stop floods on the Volga River. Although often considered a green energy source, there are environmental and economic considerations that should be accounted for in a holistic and sustainable perspective, i.e. a life cycle of ca. 50 years, areal inundation by reservoir water, accumulation of toxic substances in bottom sediments, restricted riparian variability and habitats diversity along the river, algal blooming in reservoir lakes and in the northern part of the Caspian Sea, water stratification and poor oxygenation. The water quality and fish stocks of the Volga have been drastically degraded. To improve environmental conditions and support low carbon economy, we suggest transforming the existing system of hydroelectric power plants and reservoirs into a system of integrated energy complexes including pumped storage facilities, solar photovoltaic plants and existing dams. We have conducted a conceptual model analysis of the Volga River energy cascade with alternative energy production, such as smaller pump-and-store reservoirs and floating solar cells. Variables included in the model are population, integrated basin governance, water quality, water stored, agriculture and industry, economy and environmental governance. The integration of power generation plants would allow a gradual decrease in the reservoir water levels and increase current velocities, helping to decrease algal blooms the multi-criteria evaluation indicated an important role of integrated basin governance and basin environmental management.
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| 10. |
- Johnston, Marston, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic approach to analyzing environmental issues involving complex systems (a web-based course)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ecocycles. - 2416-2140. ; 1:2, s. 46-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The course “Conceptual Modeling for Decision Support” (Univ. Gothenburg, Sweden) is a web-based course, given the first time in October 2015. This introduction and other supporting documents on the website intend to provide a background for independent work with the five tutorials that comprise the core of this course. The openly accessible website will allow study at any time, but can ideally be combined with the blended-learning course in “Environmental Geology” or with project work at various institutes in the relevant cooperation networks. The introduction below develops both the philosophical and the practical framework for modeling environmental systems. Differences in scale, time and the complexity are necessary to consider when evaluating the parameters within the system, but modeling is also an attempt to simplify in order to understand the net effects of the combined components. Multi-criteria evaluation allows predictive modelling by combining the typically qualitative and quantitative information from multidisciplinary sources. The course structure and tutorials are briefly presented.]
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