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- Backman, Sarah, 1992-
(författare)
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Making Sense of Large-scale Cyber Incidents : International Cybersecurity Beyond Threat-based Security Perspectives
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Large-scale cyber incidents have figured prominently in securitizing speech acts over the last decade. This thesis demonstrates how conceptualizations of cybersecurity as a public security problem connects to and shapes cybersecurity governance in national and international settings. It explores how theoretical lenses drawn from the securitization, riskification, crisis and socio-technical systems literatures can improve our understanding of the phenomena of large-scale cyber incidents, and how such incidents are interpreted by key actors. The thesis includes four articles comprising case studies which utilize in-depth interviews, text analysis and discourse analysis. The findings reveal a steady development towards an increasingly threat-based security logic in both national and international cyber policy settings. The case studies also highlight the volatile nature of malware proliferation, the tendency of collateral damage from directed cyberattacks, the transboundary characteristics of large-scale cyber incidents, and the central role of civil contingencies actors and the private sector in cybersecurity governance. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the increasing securitization and militarization of cyberspace. Overall, this thesis contributes to our understanding of how cybersecurity is constructed as a security problem in theory and practice, and it employs analytical approaches which facilitate the exploration of international cybersecurity along more than just traditional ‘hard’ security lines.
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| 2. |
- Bollard, Mary E, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative metabonomics of differential hydrazine toxicity in the rat and mouse
- 2005
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Ingår i: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0041-008X. ; 204:2, s. 135-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interspecies variation between rats and mice has been studied for hydrazine toxicity using a novel metabonomics approach. Hydrazine hydrochloride was administered to male Sprague–Dawley rats (30 mg/kg, n = 10 and 90 mg/kg, n = 10) and male B6C3F mice (100 mg/kg, n = 8 and 250 mg/kg, n = 8) by oral gavage. In each species, the high dose was selected to produce the major histopathologic effect, hepatocellular lipid accumulation. Urine samples were collected at sequential time points up to 168 h post dose and analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The metabolites of hydrazine, namely diacetyl hydrazine and 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxo-3-pyridazine carboxylic acid (THOPC), were detected in both the rat and mouse urine samples. Monoacetyl hydrazine was detected only in urine samples from the rat and its absence in the urine of the mouse was attributed to a higher activity of N-acetyl transferases in the mouse compared with the rat. Differential metabolic effects observed between the two species included elevated urinary β-alanine, 3-d-hydroxybutyrate, citrulline, N-acetylcitrulline, and reduced trimethylamine-N-oxide excretion unique to the rat. Metabolic principal component (PC) trajectories highlighted the greater degree of toxic response in the rat. A data scaling method, scaled to maximum aligned and reduced trajectories (SMART) analysis, was used to remove the differences between the metabolic starting positions of the rat and mouse and varying magnitudes of effect, to facilitate comparison of the response geometries between the rat and mouse. Mice followed “biphasic” open PC trajectories, with incomplete recovery 7 days after dosing, whereas rats followed closed “hairpin” time profiles, indicating functional reversibility. The greater magnitude of metabolic effects observed in the rat was supported by the more pronounced effect on liver pathology in the rat when compared with the mouse.
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| 5. |
- Conti, David, V, et al.
(författare)
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Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 53:1, s. 65-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer is a highly heritable disease with large disparities in incidence rates across ancestry populations. We conducted a multiancestry meta-analysis of prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (107,247 cases and 127,006 controls) and identified 86 new genetic risk variants independently associated with prostate cancer risk, bringing the total to 269 known risk variants. The top genetic risk score (GRS) decile was associated with odds ratios that ranged from 5.06 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.84-5.29) for men of European ancestry to 3.74 (95% CI, 3.36-4.17) for men of African ancestry. Men of African ancestry were estimated to have a mean GRS that was 2.18-times higher (95% CI, 2.14-2.22), and men of East Asian ancestry 0.73-times lower (95% CI, 0.71-0.76), than men of European ancestry. These findings support the role of germline variation contributing to population differences in prostate cancer risk, with the GRS offering an approach for personalized risk prediction. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies across different populations highlights new risk loci and provides a genetic risk score that can stratify prostate cancer risk across ancestries.
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| 6. |
- Cuthill, Innes C., et al.
(författare)
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The biology of color
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 357:6350
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coloration mediates the relationship between an organism and its environment in important ways, including social signaling, antipredator defenses, parasitic exploitation, thermoregulation, and protection from ultraviolet light, microbes, and abrasion. Methodological breakthroughs are accelerating knowledge of the processes underlying both the production of animal coloration and its perception, experiments are advancing understanding of mechanism and function, and measurements of color collected noninvasively and at a global scale are opening windows to evolutionary dynamics more generally. Here we provide a roadmap of these advances and identify hitherto unrecognized challenges for this multi- and interdisciplinary field.
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| 7. |
- Janciauskiene, Sabina, et al.
(författare)
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alpha(1)-Antitrypsin, old dog, new tricks - alpha 1-Antitrypsin exerts in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in human monocytes by elevatin cAMP
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 282:12, s. 8573-8582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regulation of serine protease activity is considered to be the sole mechanism for the function of alpha(1)-antitrypsin (AAT). However, recent reports of the anti-inflammatory effects of AAT are hard to reconcile with this classical mechanism. We discovered that two key activities of AAT in vitro, namely inhibition of endotoxin-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-a and enhancement of interleukin-10 in human monocytes, are mediated by an elevation of cAMP and activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A. As expected with this type of mechanism, the AAT mediated rise in cAMP and the impact on endotoxin-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-10 was enhanced when the catabolism of cAMP was blocked by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram. These effects were still observed with modified forms of AAT lacking protease inhibitor activity.
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