| 1. |
- Brownstein, Catherine A., et al.
(författare)
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An international effort towards developing standards for best practices in analysis, interpretation and reporting of clinical genome sequencing results in the CLARITY Challenge
- 2014
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Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 15:3, s. R53-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is tremendous potential for genome sequencing to improve clinical diagnosis and care once it becomes routinely accessible, but this will require formalizing research methods into clinical best practices in the areas of sequence data generation, analysis, interpretation and reporting. The CLARITY Challenge was designed to spur convergence in methods for diagnosing genetic disease starting from clinical case history and genome sequencing data. DNA samples were obtained from three families with heritable genetic disorders and genomic sequence data were donated by sequencing platform vendors. The challenge was to analyze and interpret these data with the goals of identifying disease-causing variants and reporting the findings in a clinically useful format. Participating contestant groups were solicited broadly, and an independent panel of judges evaluated their performance. Results: A total of 30 international groups were engaged. The entries reveal a general convergence of practices on most elements of the analysis and interpretation process. However, even given this commonality of approach, only two groups identified the consensus candidate variants in all disease cases, demonstrating a need for consistent fine-tuning of the generally accepted methods. There was greater diversity of the final clinical report content and in the patient consenting process, demonstrating that these areas require additional exploration and standardization. Conclusions: The CLARITY Challenge provides a comprehensive assessment of current practices for using genome sequencing to diagnose and report genetic diseases. There is remarkable convergence in bioinformatic techniques, but medical interpretation and reporting are areas that require further development by many groups.
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| 2. |
- Dobson, Roy Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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A quality improvement activity to promote interprofessional collaboration among health professions students
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. - 0002-9459 .- 1553-6467. ; 73:4, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To develop and evaluate a classroom-based curriculum designed to promote interprofessional competencies by having undergraduate students from various health professions work together on system-based problems using quality improvement (QI) methods and tools to improve patient-centered care.DESIGN: Students from 4 health care programs (nursing, nutrition, pharmacy, and physical therapy) participated in an interprofessional QI activity. In groups of 6 or 7, students completed pre-intervention and post-intervention reflection tools on attitudes relating to interprofessio nal teams, and a tool designed to evaluate group process.ASSESSMENT: One hundred thirty-four students (76.6%) completed both self-reflection instruments, and 132 (74.2%) completed the post-course group evaluation instrument. Although already high prior to the activity, students' mean post-intervention reflection scores increased for 12 of 16 items. Post-intervention group evaluation scores reflected a high level of satisfaction with the experience.CONCLUSION: Use of a quality-based case study and QI methodology were an effective approach to enhancing interprofessional experiences among students.
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| 3. |
- Dorsey, E. Ray, et al.
(författare)
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Deep Phenotyping of Parkinson's Disease
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Parkinson's Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1877-7171 .- 1877-718X. ; 10:3, s. 855-873
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phenotype is the set of observable traits of an organism or condition. While advances in genetics, imaging, and molecular biology have improved our understanding of the underlying biology of Parkinson's disease (PD), clinical pheno-typing of PD still relies primarily on history and physical examination. These subjective, episodic, categorical assessments are valuable for diagnosis and care but have left gaps in our understanding of the PD phenotype. Sensors can provide objective, continuous, real-world data about the PD clinical phenotype, increase our knowledge of its pathology, enhance evaluation of therapies, and ultimately, improve patient care. In this paper, we explore the concept of deep phenotyping-the comprehensive assessment of a condition using multiple clinical, biological, genetic, imaging, and sensor-based tools-for PD. We discuss the rationale for, outline current approaches to, identify benefits and limitations of, and consider future directions for deep clinical phenotyping.
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| 4. |
- Headrick, L. A., et al.
(författare)
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Exemplary Care and Learning Sites : A Model for Achieving Continual Improvement in Care and Learning in the Clinical Setting
- 2016
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Ingår i: Academic Medicine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1040-2446 .- 1938-808X. ; 91:3, s. 354-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problem Current models of health care quality improvement do not explicitly describe the role of health professions education. The authors propose the Exemplary Care and Learning Site (ECLS) model as an approach to achieving continual improvement in care and learning in the clinical setting.Approach From 2008-2012, an iterative, interactive process was used to develop the ECLS model and its core elements-patients and families informing process changes; trainees engaging both in care and the improvement of care; leaders knowing, valuing, and practicing improvement; data transforming into useful information; and health professionals competently engaging both in care improvement and teaching about care improvement. In 2012-2013, a three-part feasibility test of the model, including a site self-assessment, an independent review of each site's ratings, and implementation case stories, was conducted at six clinical teaching sites (in the United States and Sweden).Outcomes Site leaders reported the ECLS model provided a systematic approach toward improving patient (and population) outcomes, system performance, and professional development. Most sites found it challenging to incorporate the patients and families element. The trainee element was strong at four sites. The leadership and data elements were self-assessed as the most fully developed. The health professionals element exhibited the greatest variability across sites.Next Steps The next test of the model should be prospective, linked to clinical and educa tional outcomes, to evaluate whether it helps care delivery teams, educators, and patients and families take action to achieve better patient (and population) outcomes, system performance, and professional development.
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| 5. |
- Keller, Christina, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Participation in blended learning : Settings and intersections of a master programme in healthcare
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Web Based Communities. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1477-8394 .- 1741-8216. ; 8:4, s. 504-520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines educational settings, intersections and participation in a master programme in healthcare given as blended learning. Regarding communication between learners and teachers dialogical intersections were found between campus and home as well as between campus and work. Furthermore, not only learners but also teachers worked from other physical locations than campus. In communication between learners, dialogical intersections were found between home and campus, work and campus, and between home settings. Discussion and assignment tools were used in other settings than campus and were found to enhance learning and reflection by learners. Communication patterns in synchronous and asynchronous online seminars were characterised by a high share of communication between learners. However, the share of teachers’ postings increased in online seminars devoted to support on course content from expert teachers. The article is concluded with implications of the findings for planning and structuring of blended learning.
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| 6. |
- Kinsman, Leigh, et al.
(författare)
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"The largest Lean transformation in the world" : the implementation and evaluation of lean in Saskatchewan healthcare
- 2014
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Ingår i: Healthcare Quarterly. - : Longwoods Publishing. - 1710-2774. ; 17:2, s. 29-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Saskatchewan Ministry of Health has committed to a multi-million dollar investment toward the implementation of Lean methodology across the province's healthcare system. Originating as a production line discipline (the Toyota Production System), Lean has evolved to encompass process improvements including inventory management, waste reduction and quality improvement techniques. With an initial focus on leadership, strategic alignment, training and the creation of a supportive infrastructure (Lean promotion offices), the goal in Saskatchewan is a whole health system transformation that produces "better health, better value, better care, and better teams." Given the scope and scale of the initiative and the commitment of resources, it is vital that a comprehensive, longitudinal evaluation plan be implemented to support ongoing decision-making and program design. The nature of the initiative also offers a unique opportunity to contribute to health quality improvement science by advancing our understanding of the implementation and evaluation of complex, large-scale healthcare interventions. The purpose of this article is to summarize the background to Lean in Saskatchewan and the proposed evaluation methods.
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| 7. |
- Leebens-Mack, James H., et al.
(författare)
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One thousand plant transcriptomes and the phylogenomics of green plants
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 574:7780, s. 679-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Green plants (Viridiplantae) include around 450,000-500,000 species(1,2) of great diversity and have important roles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here, as part of the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative, we sequenced the vegetative transcriptomes of 1,124 species that span the diversity of plants in a broad sense (Archaeplastida), including green plants (Viridiplantae), glaucophytes (Glaucophyta) and red algae (Rhodophyta). Our analysis provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining the evolution of green plants. Most inferred species relationships are well supported across multiple species tree and supermatrix analyses, but discordance among plastid and nuclear gene trees at a few important nodes highlights the complexity of plant genome evolution, including polyploidy, periods of rapid speciation, and extinction. Incomplete sorting of ancestral variation, polyploidization and massive expansions of gene families punctuate the evolutionary history of green plants. Notably, we find that large expansions of gene families preceded the origins of green plants, land plants and vascular plants, whereas whole-genome duplications are inferred to have occurred repeatedly throughout the evolution of flowering plants and ferns. The increasing availability of high-quality plant genome sequences and advances in functional genomics are enabling research on genome evolution across the green tree of life.
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| 8. |
- Orchard, Carole, et al.
(författare)
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A National Interprofessional Competency Framework
- 2010
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall goal of interprofessional education and collaborative practice is to provide health system users with improved health outcomes. Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) occurs when learners/practitioners, patients/clients/families and communities develop and maintain interprofessional working relationships that enable optimal health outcomes. Interprofessional education (IPE), which is the process of preparing people for collaborative practice, and IPC itself, are more and more frequently incorporated into health professional education and models of practice. For this reason, a clear understanding of the characteristics of the ideal collaborative practitioner is required to inform curriculum and professional development for interprofessional education, and enlighten professional practice for interprofessional collaboration.
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| 9. |
- Rotter, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Kanadischer Kraftakt
- 2015
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Ingår i: F & W - Fuehren und Wirtschaften im Krankenhaus. - : Bibliomed - Medizinische Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. - 0175-4548. ; :6
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
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