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- Fischer, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Dairy farmers' perspectives on antibiotic use: A qualitative study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 0022-0302 .- 1525-3198. ; 102, s. 2724-2737
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important step in limiting the development of antibiotic resistance is reducing use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. Much research in this area has focused on individual farmer behavior, aiming to better align actual use with medical recommendations. However, farmers' practices and reasoning around their antibiotic use do not reflect solely that farmer as an individual. Rather, practices and worldviews are guided by context (e.g., veterinary advice, peer pressure, regulation, and interactions with farm animals). Studies that jointly embrace farmer agency and the wider structures for this agency, however, remain scarce. This paper draws on theories of behavior as socially constructed, and in particular on the concept of the "good farmer," to interpret findings from a study of 7 Swedish dairy farms. The results show that all farmers have close daily contact with their animals, have strong emotional ties, and place emphasis on the importance of being able to judge animal health status by eye. Half of the farms use an automatic milking system, and for these farmers automation means better monitoring of animal health without losing contact with the cows. The local veterinarian is considered a positive and important authority whose advice is valued. Despite comparatively strict antibiotic use regulations in Sweden, the farmers do not report lack of access to antibiotics when needed. However, they report feeling disadvantaged in international trade and poorly treated by the Swedish government, which allows imports of cheaper meat and dairy products produced under less strict regulations. The farmers are well informed about how to prevent and treat common diseases. In cases where they do not follow recommendations, we found that economic and labor constraints are the reason rather than lack of knowledge. We concluded that structural limitations faced by farmers, rather than lack of information, impose constraints to further limiting antibiotic use in Sweden. Overall stricter arid more uniform global regulations on antibiotic use in animal farming could be an effective measure for reducing antibiotic use.
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- Gonda, Noemi, et al.
(författare)
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Critical Reflexivity in Political Ecology Research: How can the Covid-19 Pandemic Transform us Into Better Researchers?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Human Dynamics. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-2726. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is not just the world but our ways of producing knowledge that are in crisis. The Covid-19 pandemic has exposed our interconnected vulnerabilities in ways never seen before while underscoring the need for emancipation in particular from the hegemonic knowledge politics that underpin “business-as-usual” academic research that have both contributed to and failed to address the systemic challenges laid bare by the pandemic. Political ecologists tasked with knowledge generation on vulnerabilities and their underlying power processes are particularly well placed to envision such emancipatory processes. While pausing physically due to travel restrictions, as researchers in political ecology and rural development at the same university department, we want to make a stop to radically rethink our intellectual engagements. In this article, we aim to uncover “sanitized” aspects of research encounters, and theorize on the basis of anecdotes, feelings and informal discussions—“data” that is often left behind in fieldwork notes and personal diaries of researchers—, the ways in which our own research practices hamper or can be conducive to emancipation in times of multiple interconnected health, political, social, and environmental crises. We do so through affective autoethnography and resonances on our research encounters during the pandemic: with people living in Swedish Sapmi, with African students in our own “Global North” university department and with research partners in Nepal. We use a threefold focus on interconnectedness, uncertainty and challenging hegemonic knowledge politics as our analytical framework. We argue that acknowledging the roles of emotions and affect can 1) help embrace interconnectedness in research encounters; 2) enable us to work with uncertainty rather than “hard facts” in knowledge production processes; and 3) contribute to challenging hegemonic knowledge production. Opening up for emotions in research helps us to embrace the relational character of vulnerability as a pathway to democratizing power relations and to move away from its oppressive and colonial modes still present in universities and research centers. Our aim is to contribute to envisioning post-Covid-19 political ecology and rural development research that is critically reflexive and that contributes to the emergence of a new ethics of producing knowledge.Historically, pandemics have forced humans to break with the past and imagine their world anew. This one is no different. It is a portal, a gateway between one world and the next. We can choose to walk through it, dragging the carcasses of our prejudice and hatred, our avarice, our data banks and dead ideas, our dead rivers and smoky skies behind us. Or we can walk through lightly, with little luggage, ready to imagine another world. And ready to fight for it. (Roy, 2020)
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- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Stadens fattiga : En rapport om Sveriges Stadsmissioner och fattigdom
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här rapporten är ett resultat av ett forskningsprojekt som har gjorts av forskare vid Ersta Sköndal högskola i samarbete med och i huvudsak finansierat av Sveriges stadsmissioner. Arbetet i projektet har kretsat kring företeelsen fattigdom: hur den beskrivs i forskningen, hur företrädare för Sveriges stadsmissioner ser på den och vad dessa stadsmissioner gör för att möta den. En utgångspunkt i projektet har varit att det finns fattiga i Sverige – något som inte alla självklart håller med om. Därför har det varit nödvändigt att ge sig in i den täta djungel av definitioner som finns av begreppet – för att i någon utsträckning kunna formulera vad som faktiskt studeras. Denna resa skildras i rapporten, men redan inledningsvis finns det anledning att säga något om våra slutsatser från studien – vilka också är grunden för den här presentationen. En annan utgångspunkt har varit att de svenska stadsmissionerna i större utsträckning än de allra flesta andra svenska organisationer – offentliga, privata eller frivilliga – möter de personer i samhället som är mest utsatta. De har stor erfarenhet och trovärdighet på området. Det blir tydligt att det i huvudsak finns tre sätt på vilka fattigdom kan betraktas: det kan handla om att i absolut mening sakna nödvändiga resurser (att svälta och frysa) eller att vara sämre bemedlad än andra i sin omgivning och att därigenom hamna i ett utanförskap. Fattigdom kan också handla om någon kombination eller variant på dessa två teman. Troligen är de olika sätten att närma sig fattigdom mer eller mindre relevanta beroende på i vilket sammanhang man befinner sig: i stora delar västvärlden handlar fattigdom om omfattande ojämlikhet snarare än om hot mot livet. Därmed blir också sätten att möta fattigdom olika – inte minst när det gäller insatser från den typ av frivilliga organisationer som diskuteras i denna text. Handlar insatser mot fattigdom om akuta, livsuppehållande åtgärder, försök till strukturell social förändring eller om att ge den enskilde stöd att förändra sin livssituation? Det finns alltså en koppling mellan förekomst och förståelse av fattigdom å ena sidan, och val av insatser å andra sidan. Det är också denna koppling som står i fokus för föreliggande text: vilken fattigdom möter de svenska stadsmissionerna, hur tolkar de den, och vad gör de åt den? Rapporten inleds med en kort presentation av stadsmissionerna och en sammanställning av kunskap kring fattigdom (med visst fokus på frivilliga organisationers betydelse) utifrån svensk och internationell forskning. Därefter presenteras resultaten från en empirisk studie av de svenska stadsmissionerna, där ledande representanter från hela Sverige fått möjlighet att diskutera vilken fattigdom man möter, och hur man möter den. I denna del ges beskrivningar av enskilda verksamheter som de svenska stadsmissionerna bedriver, och som i många fall utgör plattformar för arbetet mot fattigdom, samt en redogörelse för stadsmissionernas egna försök att uppskatta storleken på den fattigdom de möter. Slutligen följer en diskussion som grundar sig i de erfarenheter som vunnits genom studien.
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- Stiernström, Arvid
(författare)
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Beyond the Minefield : Mining, Development, and Open Moments in Northern Sweden
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years mining has taken centre stage in rural development. In part, this is a consequence of the ‘green transition’, where the demand for minerals to develop new energy systems is increasing dramatically. Using ethnographic methods, I take my starting point in Storuman, a sparsely populated municipality in the rural North of Sweden where three potential mines are already reterritorialising property rights and access, and the governance of land is being reconfigured. With the aim to explore how extractive interventions shape rural places in times of transition, I ask questions about the entanglements between people and land, the reconfigurations of territory, and what large scale extractive interventions mean for the conceptualisation of rural development in Sweden and beyond. To understand how the ‘green transition’ impacts rural areas and what the future for rural development entails, I bring together research on resource extraction, rural development, and indigeneity. By doing so, I show how the potential mines are generating open moments, where a state of uncertainty becomes a central part of life. I uncover how rather than being passive receivers of state policies, people take charge of their situation in open moments to steer the outcome of events. I argue that there is an overarching critique of how state policies and practices treat communities at the edge of the state. The core of this critique lies at the intersection of past and future, as people make sense of what unfolds in the open moment both as the latest instantiation of repression in a long history of colonial practices, and as a desire to reevaluate what development is and can be.
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- Stiernström, Arvid, et al.
(författare)
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Territorial narratives: Talking claims in open moments
- 2022
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Ingår i: Geoforum. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7185. ; 129, s. 74-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the rural inland of northern Sweden, three mining projects are making the future of the land uncertain. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, we show how these potential mining interventions create ‘open moments’, turbulent events that destabilizes established claims to land. We analyse how actors such as reindeer herders, indigenous groups, local and national government and mining companies make claims to land, (i.e territorialising it) by drawing on discourses on environmental responsibility, sustainability, indigeneity or growth. By paying attention to language and knowledge production, we show how a multiplicity of actors narrate territory into being, allowing us to go beyond conventional notions of territory as produced ‘from above’ by the state or by counterterritorial movements ‘from below’. By ‘freezing time’ in the unfolding of the open moments we lend all these ‘territorial narratives’ equal space, in order to analyse the connection between actors and their relation to land. This allow us to show connections between what might otherwise be perceived as locked and antagonistic positions, but also how ongoing processes of territorialisation are influenced by and change peoples’ subject positions as the open moment unfolds on the ground.
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