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| 2. |
- Martin-Moreno, J.M., et al.
(författare)
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Ebola : an open letter to European governments
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 384:9950
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After months of inaction and neglect from the international community, the Ebola epidemic in west Africa has now spiralled utterly out of control. Today, the virus is a threat not only to the countries where the outbreak has overwhelmed the capacity of national health systems, but also to the entire world. We urge our governments to mobilise all possible resources to assist west Africa in controlling this horrific epidemic. Based on our expertise in public health and emergency response, this open letter describes believes and measures particularly effective to take into actions.
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| 3. |
- Forsberg, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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Air pollution levels, meteorological conditions and asthma symptoms
- 1993
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 6:8, s. 1109-1115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We wanted to assess relations between the daily occurrence of asthma symptoms and fluctuations of air pollution concentrations and meteorological conditions. In a panel of 31 asthmatic patients residing in the town of Piteå in northern Sweden, severe symptoms of shortness of breath, wheeze, cough and phlegm were recorded in an asthma diary together with suspected causes. Sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, black smoke, relative humidity and temperature were used to evaluate the relationship to the environment. By using multivariate analyses, we found that daily variations in the particulate pollution levels, indicated by black smoke levels below the criteria limits, had significant effects on the risk of developing severe symptoms of shortness of breath. This association was stronger among 10 subjects, who had at least five incident days with severe shortness of breath. Meteorological conditions were not significant in the multivariate models. Cough and phlegm did not show significant relationships to any environmental condition that was evaluated. Only one-third of the subjects reported, at least once during the study, symptoms believed to be related to air pollutants, although we found significant correlations between the pollution levels and the frequency of pollution-related symptoms. We conclude that an association has been established for black smoke as pollutant and shortness of breath as respiratory symptom, and that in certain asthmatics, effects were occurring at lower particulate levels than suggested previously.
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| 4. |
- Högström, J., et al.
(författare)
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Exploring local spatial planning as practices of process design in the Stockholm region, Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Planning Studies. - : Routledge. - 0965-4313 .- 1469-5944. ; 32:5, s. 1097-1117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quest for sustainable urban development requires innovative planning approaches more apt to cater for transformative action. Based on a case study approach, this study aims to explore the potential for local planning to develop practical approaches able to accelerate the transition towards sustainable urban development. To guide spatial development towards sustainability, the analysis of the results shows that local planners need to envision a process design as to advance the understanding of how a site or area can be developed. The act of process design involves pending between processes of contextualization (i.e. exploring five distinguishable domains of planning inquiry) and concretization (i.e. deciding upon a course of action by executing activities that form a process trajectory). Regarding the potential of local planning to develop transformative approaches, it is concluded that: (i) local planners possess capabilities that allow them to probe the future of places and produce insights about prospective change, (ii) the transformative capacity of local planning practices is bound to the development of the identified domains of planning inquiry and (iii) forthcoming evaluations organized around the act of process design can reveal insights regarding the possibilities to put the notion of sustainability into practice at the local level.
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| 7. |
- Sandstrom, T, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory cell response in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after nitrogen dioxide exposure of healthy subjects: a dose-response study
- 1991
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - 1399-3003. ; 4:3, s. 332-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The combination of environmental chamber exposure and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was used to study the effects of the common air pollutant nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Eighteen healthy nonsmokers were exposed to NO2 during 20 min in an exposure chamber during light bicycle ergometer work. All subjects were examined with BAL at least 3 wks before exposure, as a reference. The subjects were re-examined with BAL, in groups of eight, 24 h after exposure to 4, 7 and 10 mg NO2.m.3 (2.25, 4.0 and 5.5 ppm), respectively. An inflammatory cell response was found after exposure to all concentrations. An increase in the number of lymphocytes in BAL fluid was observed after 7 and 10 mg.m.3 (p less than 0.05 and 0.02, respectively). An increase in the number of mast cells, that appears to be dose-dependent, was found after exposure to all concentrations. The proportion of lysozyme positive alveolar macrophages was elevated after exposure to 7 mg.m.3. The inflammatory mediators fibronectin, hyaluronan, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and beta 2-microglobulin were unchanged by exposure. Due to the findings of inflammatory cell changes far below the peak exposure limits for work places in industrialized countries, 9-18 mg.m.3, the safety of these limits is questioned. Studies are in progress in our laboratory using BAL to evaluate the effects of repeated NO2 exposure.
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| 8. |
- Stjernberg, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Laboratory scale study of the degradation of mullite/corundum refractories by reaction with alkali-doped deposit materials
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ceramics International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-8842 .- 1873-3956. ; 39:1, s. 791-800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Refractory bricks based on mullite and corundum, commonly used in rotary kilns for iron ore pellet production, and depositmaterial from an iron ore pellet production kiln, were used in laboratoryscale tests to investigate refractory/depositreactions and the infiltration of deposit components into the refractory bricks. The materials tested were in both monolithic form and in the form of powder. Alkali metal carbonates (containing sodium and potassium) were used as corrosive agents, to increase reaction kinetics. The morphological changes and active chemical reactions at the refractory/deposit interface in the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction showed that alkali metals react with the mullite in the bricks, this being more pronounced in the case of sodium than potassium. Phases such as nepheline (Na2O·Al2O3·2SiO2), kalsilite and kaliophilite (both K2O·Al2O3·2SiO2), and leucite (K2O·Al2O3·4SiO2) were formed as a consequence of reactions between alkali metals and the refractory bricks. The formation of these phases causes volume expansions of between 20% and 25% in the brick materials, which accelerate degradation.
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