| 1. |
- Brindell, Malgorzata, et al.
(författare)
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Light-Induced Anticancer Activity of [RuCl2(DMSO)4] Complexes
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-4804 .- 0022-2623. ; 48:23, s. 7298-7304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cytotoxicity and photocytotoxicity of trans-[RuCl2(DMSO)4] and cis-[RuCl2(DMSO)4] complexes was tested in two melanoma cell lines, human (SK-MEL 188) and mouse (S91). The trans isomer was found to be more effective for cell growth inhibition than its cis analogue both in the presence and in the absence of illumination. However, the antiproliferative activity of both isomers was significantly enhanced after irradiation with UVA light in comparison with their activity observed in the dark. The influence of light on the reaction of both ruthenium(II) isomers with the single-stranded hexanucleotide d(T2GGT2), chosen as a model system for DNA, was also studied using chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. The photochemical reaction of the ruthenium(II) complexes with the oligonucleotide d(T2GGT2) resulted in the formation of Ru(G-N7)2 adducts, which was not observed in the same time scale in thermal reactions. The initial short irradiation of the inert cis isomer was found to facilitate the covalent adduct formation with d(T2GGT2) in the secondary thermal reactions and with a rate comparable to that found for the trans isomer, which is ca. 5-10 times more reactive in the dark.
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| 2. |
- Brindell, M, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanistic information on the reaction of cis- and trans-[RuCl2(DMSO)(4)] with d(T(2)GGT(2)) derived from MALDI-TOF and HPLC studies
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3344 .- 0162-0134. ; 98:8, s. 1367-1377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reactions of trans and cis isomers of the Ru-II complex [RuCl2(DMSO)(4)] with single-stranded hexanucleotide d(T(2)GGT(2)) were studied in aqueous solutions in the absence and presence of excess chloride by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Despite the different reactive species formed from the two isomers in aqueous solution, similar reaction products are obtained in their interaction with d(T(2)GGT(2)). Both [RuCl2(DMSO)(4)] isomers bind to the oligonucleotide in the bidentate mode to form thermodynamically stable bis-guanosine adducts, Ru(G-N7)(2), Significant differences were observed in the reaction rates, however the reaction with trans[RuCl2(DMSO)(4)] is ca. 5-10 times faster in comparison to that observed for the cis analogue. This difference is interpreted in terms of different rate-limiting steps for the trans and cis complexes, respectively. It is suggested that the rate of the reaction with the trans isomer is controlled by dissociation of a Cl- ligand from the initially formed trans, cis, cis-[RuCl2(DMSO)(2)(H2O)(2)]. In the contrast, release of a dimethyl sulfoxide molecule from the reactive species cis,fac-[RuCl2(DMSO)(3)(H2O)] is likely to be rate limiting for the cis analogue. Significant influence of electrostatic interactions on the reaction rate was observed for the trans isomer. Mechanistic interpretation of the observed reactivity trends based on data obtained from UV-Vis spectroscopy, HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS studies is presented and discussed within the paper.
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| 3. |
- Snygg, Åse Sykfont, et al.
(författare)
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A combination of access to preassociation sites and local accumulation tendency in the direct vicinity of G-N7 controls the rate of platination of single-stranded DNA
- 2005
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Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9234 .- 1477-9226. ; 2005, s. 1221-1227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adduct formation between cationic reagents and targets on DNA are facilitated by the ability of DNA to attract cations to its surface. The electrostatic interactions likely provide the basis for the documented preference exhibited by cisplatin and related compounds for nuclear DNA over other cellular constituents. As an extension of a previous communication, we here present an investigation illustrating how the rate of adduct formation with the naturally occuring base guanine (G-N7) can be modulated by i) bulk solvent conditions, ii) local nature and size of the surrounding DNA and, iii) increasing DNA concentration. A series of single-stranded DNA oligomers of the type d(TnGTm); n= 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and m= 16 –n or n=m= 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24 were allowed to react with the active metabolite of a potential orally active platinum(IV) drug, cis-[PtCl(NH3)(c-C6H11NH2)(OH2)]+ in the presence of three different bulk cations; Na+, Mg2+, and Mn2+. For all positions along the oligomers, a change from monovalent bulk cations to divalent ones results in a decrease in reactivity, with Mn2+ as the more potent inhibitor as exemplified by the rate constants determined for interaction with d(T8GT8): 103×kobs/s–1= 6.5 ± 0.1 (Na+), 1.8 ± 0.1 (Mg2+), 1.0 ± 0.1 (Mn2+) at pH 4.2 and 25 °C. Further, the adduct formation rate was found to vary with the exact location of the binding site in the presence of both Na+ and Mg2+, giving rise to reactivity maxima at the middle position. Increasing the size of the DNA-fragments was found to increase the reactivity only up to a total length of ca. 20 bases. The influence from addition of further bases to the reacting DNA was found to be salt dependent. At [Na+]= 0.5 mM a retardation in reactivity was observed whereas [Na+] 4.5 mM give rise to length independent kinetics. Finally, for the first time we have here been able to evaluate the influence from an increasing concentration of non-reactive DNA bases on the adduct formation process. The latter data were successfully fitted to an inhibition model suggesting that non-productive association of the platinum complex with sites distant from G-N7 competes with productive ones in the vicinity of the G-N7 target. Taken together, the kinetics support a reaction mechanism in which access to suitable association sites in the direct vicinity of the target site controls the rate of platination.
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