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- Liu, Qingcao, et al.
(författare)
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Ionization-Induced Subcycle Metallization of Nanoparticles in Few-Cycle Pulses
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Photonics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2330-4022. ; 7:11, s. 3207-3215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strong-field laser-matter interactions in nanoscale targets offer unique avenues for the generation and detailed characterization of matter under extreme conditions. Field-driven, subcycle ionization-induced metallization of nanoscale solids in intense laser fields has been predicted (Peltz et al. Time-Resolved X-ray Imaging of Anisotropic Nanoplasma Expansion. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2014, 113, 133401), but its observation was hampered by a lack of a smoking gun. Here, we report the ultrafast metallization of isolated dielectric and semiconducting nanoparticles under intense few-cycle laser pulses. The highest-energy electron emission is found to be a decisive proof that shows a characteristic cutoff modification to a metallic limit for intensities high enough to ignite carrier avalanching in the volume of the particles. Semiclassical Mean-field Mie Monte-Carlo transport simulations reveal the underlying dynamics and explain the observed evolution by near-field driven electron backscattering from the metallizing target.
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- Stockman, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Ankle-foot orthoses among children with cerebral palsy : a cross-sectional population-based register study of 8,928 children living in Northern Europe
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : BMC. - 1471-2474. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cerebral palsy (CP) is an umbrella term where an injury to the immature brain affects muscle tone and motor control, posture, and at times, the ability to walk and stand. Orthoses can be used to improve or maintain function. Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are the most frequently used orthoses in children with CP. However, how commonly AFOs are used by children and adolescents with CP is still unknown. The aims of this study were to investigate and describe the use of AFOs in children with CP in Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Scotland, and Denmark, and compare AFO use between countries and by gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) level, CP subtype, sex, and age.METHOD: Aggregated data on 8,928 participants in the national follow-up programs for CP for the respective countries were used. Finland does not have a national follow-up program for individuals with CP and therefore a study cohort was used instead. Use of AFOs were presented as percentages. Logistic regression models were used to compare the use of AFOs among countries adjusted for age, CP subtype, GMFCS level, and sex.RESULTS: The proportion of AFO use was highest in Scotland (57%; CI 54-59%) and lowest in Denmark (35%; CI 33-38%). After adjusting for GMFCS level, children in Denmark, Finland, and Iceland had statistically significantly lower odds of using AFOs whereas children in Norway and Scotland reported statistically significantly higher usage than Sweden.CONCLUSION: In this study, the use of AFOs in children with CP in countries with relatively similar healthcare systems, differed between countries, age, GMFCS level, and CP subtype. This indicates a lack of consensus as to which individuals benefit from using AFOs. Our findings present an important baseline for the future research and development of practical guidelines in terms of who stands to benefit from using AFOs.
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- Stockman, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Pressure injuries are common in children with myelomeningocele : Results from a follow-up programme and register.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 111:8, s. 1566-1572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate the occurrence of pressure injuries (PIs) in children with myelomeningocele (MMC) and to investigate the association between PIs and orthoses use by disability-specific variables.METHODS: Population-based registry study including participants in the Swedish multidisciplinary follow-up programme for MMC. Risks of PIs were investigated by birth cohort, country of birth, sex, type of MMC, muscle function level (MFL), and continence status.RESULTS: Of 180 participants, 29% had PIs recorded. Of the 132 participants with >1 assessment records, 17.4% reported multiple PI occasions. More assessments increased the likelihood of PIs (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.33, 95% CI 1.15-1.54) and participants born 2015-2018 had a lower OR of PIs than those born 2007-2010 (OR = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.01-0.74). Those at MFL I had lower OR of PIs than those at MFL V (OR = 0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.64). Of the 73 participants with orthoses on the lower extremities, 47% reported skin irritations/injuries in the last 4 weeks; 30% reported that it made them stop using orthoses.CONCLUSION: Pressure injuries are common even in young children with MMC. Many have recurring skin irritations. Inspecting for PIs should be part of a daily routine and tools to increase compliance are needed.
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