| 1. |
- Carlson, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Students´ Experiences of Participation in a Research Team : Evaluation of a Research-based Teaching Activity in HigherEducation
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching & Learning. - : Faculty Center at Georgia Southern University. - 1931-4744. ; 16:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractIn Sweden as well as internationally the teaching and research nexus has been described as the defining charac-teristics of higher education promoting generic skills such as information analysis and critical reflection. Vertically Integrated Projects has been proposed as one educational strategy where research and teaching are linked by in-viting students to take active part in actual research projects. The strategy is well aligned to Scholarship of teaching and learning enabling the transition from a teacher-centred accepted knowledge to a student-centred perspective where students are invited as producers of knowledge. The aim of the current study was to explore students’ experiences of participation in a research-based learning activity with academia and industrial partners, designed as a qualitative explorative study using focus group interviews. Findings describe not only factors students find motivating for learning, but also their experience of being part of professional life with its benefits and challenges.
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| 2. |
- Albrecht, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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In Vivo Investigation of Thiomer-Polyvinylpyrrolidon Nanoparticles Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Wiley Inter Science. - 0022-3549 .- 1520-6017. ; 99:4, s. 2008-2017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focused on the investigation of the permeation enhancing effects of a stomach targeted, nanoparticulate drug delivery system. The polyacrylic acid–cysteine/polyvinylpyrrolidon nanoparticles were loaded with the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid gadolinium( III)dihydrogen salt (Gd-DTPA). Average particle size was determined to be 130nm and the optimum for stability was found to be below a pH of 4.5. In vitro permeation studies were performed on rat gastric mucosa and revealed an eightfold increase in Gd- DTPA uptake when incorporated in the nanoparticles compared to evaluation in the presence of unformulated polyacrylic acid–cysteine. In vivo investigations with rats were performed via the noninvasive MRI method in order to track the nanoparticles way through the gastrointestinal tract. When Gd-DTPA was administered orally as nanoparticulate suspension, an increased MRI signal in the urinary bladder was detected after 34 min, providing evidence for systemic uptake and renal elimination of the contrast agent. As control experiments with Gd-DTPA only or in combination with unformulated polyacrylic acid–cysteine revealed no MRI signal increase at all, the significant permeation enhancing effect could be identified based on the nanoparticulate formulation.
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| 3. |
- Ares, Mikko, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased inducibility of TNF expression in lipid-loaded macrophages.
- 2002
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Ingår i: BMC Immunology. - 1471-2172. ; 3:1, s. 13-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Inflammation and immune responses are considered to be very important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Lipid accumulation in macrophages of the arterial intima is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis which can influence the inflammatory potential of macrophages. We studied the effects of lipid loading on the regulation of TNF expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages. RESULTS: In macrophages incubated with acetylated low density lipoprotein (ac-LDL) for 2 days, mRNA expression of TNF in cells stimulated with TNF decreased by 75%. In cell cultures stimulated over night with IL-1beta, lipid loading decreased secretion of TNF into culture medium by 48%. These results suggest that lipid accumulation in macrophages makes them less responsive to inflammatory stimuli. Decreased basal activity and inducibility of transcription factor AP-1 was observed in lipid-loaded cells, suggesting a mechanism for the suppression of cytokine expression. NF-kappaB binding activity and inducibility were only marginally affected by ac-LDL. LDL and ac-LDL did not activate PPARgamma. In contrast, oxidized LDL stimulated AP-1 and PPARgamma but inhibited NF-kappaB, indicating that the effects of lipid loading with ac-LDL were not due to oxidation of lipids. CONCLUSIONS: Accumulation of lipid, mainly cholesterol, results in down-regulation of TNF expression in macrophages. Since monocytes are known to be activated by cell adhesion, these results suggest that foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques may contribute less potently to an inflammatory reaction than newly arrived monocytes/macrophages.
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| 4. |
- Ares, Mikko PS, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory effects of very low-density lipoprotein and fatty acids.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Future Cardiology. - : Future medicine. - 1744-8298 .- 1479-6678. ; 2:3, s. 315-323
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- High plasma triacylglycerol (triglyceride, TG) levels is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Very large lipoproteins, such as chylomicrons, alone are not considered atherogenic, but TG-rich remnant lipoproteins can penetrate into the vascular wall. Importantly, accumulating evidence suggests that all TG-rich lipoproteins stimulate cytokine expression in circulating monocytes. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) stimulates monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and expression of inflammatory genes in macrophages. Furthermore, fatty acids released from large lipoproteins can stimulate both vascular cells and circulating monocytes. It is likely that fatty acids released from TG-rich lipoproteins contribute to atherogenesis, but the role of fatty acids in ischemic heart disease is not as direct as that of cholesterol. Fatty acids influence plasma lipoprotein levels and either stimulate or suppress numerous cellular functions relevant to atherogenesis. While certain n-3 fatty acids are good for health, most other medium- to long-chain fatty acids appear to promote inflammation in cell culture studies and need to be studied further. Nevertheless, the existing evidence supports the general conclusion that TG-rich lipoproteins and fatty acids greatly accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis. This may be because of their inflammatory effects.
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| 5. |
- Beyer, Sarah, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Layers against Sialic Acid on Silica-Coated Polystyrene Cores — Assessment of the Binding Behavior to Cancer Cells
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI. - 2072-6694. ; 14:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sialic acid (SA) is a monosaccharide usually linked to the terminus of glycan chains on the cell surface. It plays a crucial role in many biological processes, and hypersialylation is a common feature in cancer. Lectins are widely used to analyze the cell surface expression of SA. However, these protein molecules are usually expensive and easily denatured, which calls for the development of alternative glycan-specific receptors and cell imaging technologies. In this study, SA-imprinted fluorescent core-shell molecularly imprinted polymer particles (SA-MIPs) were employed to recognize SA on the cell surface of cancer cell lines. The SA-MIPs improved suspensibility and scattering properties compared with previously used core-shell SA-MIPs. Although SA-imprinting was performed using SA without preference for the α2,3-and α2,6-SA forms, we screened the cancer cell lines analyzed using the lectins Maackia Amurensis Lectin I (MAL I, α2,3-SA) and Sambucus Nigra Lectin (SNA, α2,6-SA). Our results show that the selected cancer cell lines in this study presented a varied binding behavior with the SA-MIPs. The binding pattern of the lectins was also demonstrated. Moreover, two different pentavalent SA conjugates were used to inhibit the binding of the SA-MIPs to breast, skin, and lung cancer cell lines, demonstrating the specificity of the SA-MIPs in both flow cytometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy. We concluded that the synthesized SA-MIPs might be a powerful future tool in the diagnostic analysis of various cancer cells.
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| 6. |
- El-Schich, Zahra, et al.
(författare)
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Molecularly imprinted polymers in biological applications.
- 2020
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Ingår i: BioTechniques. - : Future Science. - 0736-6205 .- 1940-9818. ; 69:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are currently widely used and further developed for biological applications. The MIP synthesis procedure is a key process, and a wide variety of protocols exist. The templates that are used for imprinting vary from the smallest glycosylated glycan structures or even amino acids to whole proteins or bacteria. The low cost, quick preparation, stability and reproducibility have been highlighted as advantages of MIPs. The biological applications utilizing MIPs discussed here include enzyme-linked assays, sensors, in vivo applications, drug delivery, cancer diagnostics and more. Indeed, there are numerous examples of how MIPs can be used as recognition elements similar to natural antibodies
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| 7. |
- Goncalves, Isabel, et al.
(författare)
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Activator protein-1 in carotid plaques is related to cerebrovascular symptoms and cholesteryl ester content
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular pathology. - : Elsevier. - 1054-8807 .- 1879-1336. ; 20:1, s. 36-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transcription factor activator protein-1 regulates genes involved in inflammation and repair. The aim of this study was to determine whether transcription factor activator protein-1 activity in carotid plaques is related to symptoms, lipid accumulation, or extracellular matrix composition. Methods: Twenty-eight atherosclerotic carotid plaques were removed by endarterectomy and divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of ipsilateral symptoms (b1 month ago). Activator protein-1 DNA binding activity was assessed, and subunit (c-Jun, JunD, JunB, c-Fos, FosB, Fra-1, Fra-2) protein levels analyzed by immunoblotting. Distribution of c-Jun in plaques was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Plaques associated with symptoms had increased activator protein-1 activity and increased expression of c-Jun and JunD, as compared to asymptomatic plaques. Fra-1 and Fra-2 were present in equal amounts in both groups, whereas JunB, FosB, and c-Fos were undetectable. Activator protein-1 activity correlated with cholesteryl ester and elastin in plaques and decreased with age. Activator protein-1 activity did not correlate with collagen, calcified tissue, or proteoglycan content. Conclusions: Activator protein-1 is increased in plaques associated with symptoms. The correlation between activator protein-1 and cholesteryl esters suggests that high activator protein-1 is a marker of plaque vulnerability. Activator protein-1 expression can also reflect the activation of repair processes.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Stigmar, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Orsaker till doktorandavhopp - hur kan risken för doktorandavhopp begränsas?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Forskning om högre utbildning, konferens i Stockholm, 11-12 maj 2023. ; , s. 63-64
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avhopp från doktorandstudier är ett problem för universitet över hela världen och bör undvikas av flera skäl. Avhopp innebär personliga svårigheter och nederlag för doktoranden, handledare, examinator, institutionen, fakulteten och universitetet. Utöver oro och tidsförlust medför avhoppen kostnader och flera parter har därför intresse av ett framgångsrikt slutförande av doktorandstudierna. Tidigare forskning har pekat på att den främsta orsaken till avhopp är en dåligt fungerande relation mellan doktorand och handledare, och därför fokuserar vår studie speciellt på ickefungerande handledningsrelationer. Det är dock fortfarande oklart vad som orsakar ickefungerande handledningsrelationer, problem och konflikter. Doktorander hoppar ofta av sin utbildning utan att ge en förklaring (Sverdlik et al., 2018). För att summera problemet och kunskapsluckan så vet vi fortfarande inte vad som orsakar avhopp, dåliga relationer och konflikter mellan doktorander och handledare. Vi menar att handledare, behöver ökad förståelse för de bakomliggande orsakerna till avhopp och hur handledare kan bidra till en ömsesidig, pålitlig och robust handledningsrelation.Syftet med studien är att klargöra orsaker till varför doktorander hoppar av sina forskarstudier. I syftet ingår att undersöka relationen mellan doktorand och handledare och ringa in vad som kan göras för att begränsa risken för avhopp. Syftet omfattar att lyfta fram vad som kännetecknar en solid och stödjande handledningsrelation enligt intervjupersonerna. I studien kartläggs både doktoranders och handledares perspektiv. Följande forskningsfrågor kommer att fokuseras:RQ 1: vilka är orsakerna till att doktorander hoppar av?RQ 2: vilka problem i doktorand- och handledarrelationen kan leda till avhopp?RQ3: hur kan risken för avhopp begränsas?RQ 4: vad kännetecknar en solid och stödjande handledningsrelation?Data kommer att insamlas genom, en webbenkät till doktorander som hoppat av och handledare vid flera lärosäten. Uppföljande intervjuer på Zoom och/eller ansikte mot ansikte, med doktorander och handledare kommer också att genomföras.Enkäterna kommer att vara webbaserade vari personuppgifter kommer att insamlas kring: kön, ålder, år för avhopp, antal terminer i doktorsutbildningen innan avhopp, antal handledare, ämne och avhandlingens inriktning. Avhoppare samt huvudhandledare (huvudhandledaren kommer i första hand kontaktas, om huvudhandledaren är omöjlig att få kontakt med, så kommer övriga handledare att kontaktas) kommer att erbjudas möjlighet att besvara enkätfrågor om: orsaker till avhopp från doktorsutbildningen; vilka specifika problem i förhållandet mellan doktorand och handledare som kan leda till avhopp; hur kan risken för avhopp begränsas samt vad som kännetecknar en solid och stödjande handledningsrelation? En innehållsanalys kommer att göras för att identifiera eventuella mönster och dra slutsatser i enkätsvaren från doktorander och huvudhandledare/handledare. Vilka generella orsaker till avhopp anges? Vilka problem i relationen mellan doktorander och handledare redovisas i enkätsvaren? Vilka åtgärder föreslår enkätrespondenterna för att begränsa risken för avhopp? Vad anges i enkätsvaren som kännetecken för en solid och stödjande handledningsrelation?Det huvudsakliga bidraget med vår studie är att presentera fallbaserad kunskap kring allmänna orsaker till avhopp och specifikt om relationen mellan doktorand och handledare. Vidare kommer studien att redovisa en förståelse för vad som kännetecknar en gedigen handledningsrelation. Vår forskning kommer att ge såväl doktorander som handledare möjlighet att reflektera över hur de kan agera för att begränsa risken för avhopp och istället sikta på ett framgångsrikt fullföljande av doktorsutbildningen.ReferenserCorcelles, M., Cano, M., Liesa, E., González-Ocampo, G., & Castelló, M. (2019). Positive and negative experiences related to doctoral study conditions. Higher Education Research & Development, 38(5), 922-939.Högskoleverket (2012). Orsaker till att doktorander lämnar forskarutbildningen utan examen – en uppföljning av nybörjarna på forskarnivå läsåren 1999/2000 och 2000/01. Rapport 2012:1 R.Sverdlik, A., Hall, N. C., McAlpine, L., & Hubbard, K. (2018). The PhD experience: A review of the factors influencing doctoral students’ completion, achievement, and well-being. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 13, 361-388.
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| 10. |
- Stollenwerk, Maria Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Active site-inactivated factor VIIa inhibits nuclear factor kappa B activation in intestinal ischemia and reperfusion
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Surgical Research. - : Elsevier. - 0022-4804 .- 1095-8673. ; 178:2, s. 692-699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pivotal mechanism in critical illness and in the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, in which the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation plays a central role. Intestinal I/R injury initiates the extrinsic tissue factor or factor VIIa-dependent pathway of coagulation, also of importance in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Our aim was to analyze NF-κB activation in I/R injury in the rat intestine and in two main "shock" organs, that is, the liver and lungs. Pretreatment with active site-inactivated factor VII (FVIIai), an inhibitor of the extrinsic pathway, was evaluated.
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