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- Berglin, Niklas, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Using process integration to approach the minimum impact pulp mill
- 1997
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Ingår i: Presented at 1997 Environmental Conference and Exhibit May 5-7, 1997,Minneapolis Convention Center, Minneapolis, MN.. - 1103-2952. ; TAPPI Proceedings, s. 515-521
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A low level of energy use is an important feature of the minimum impact mill. Process integration is used in the pulp and paper industry and other industries to reduce the use of fuels and cooling water. As the industry is in a state of rapid change, a methodical approach to process integration is useful. Pinch analysis is well established as such a tool. In the present paper, composite curves are used to analyze possibilities for process integration in combination with changes in process design. Several examples, including improved integration of the digester and analyses of the whole mill, show that this is an approach that gives good guidance early in the design process. Substantial utility savings can be identified; these are on the order of 2-4 GJ per tonne of pulp compared with already energy-efficient mills.
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- Broström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome - Patients' perceptions of their sleep and its effects on their life situation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 57:3, s. 318-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Title. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome - patients' perceptions of their sleep and its effects on their life situation Aim. This paper reports a descriptive study of how untreated patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome perceived their sleep situation and how the syndrome affected their life situation. Background. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is a prevalent problem independently associated with an increased risk for hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic heart failure and mortality. Increased consumption of healthcare resources can often be seen among patients over a long period of time since many have been undiagnosed and untreated. Methods. A phenomenographic approach was employed. Data were collected by interviews during 2005 with 20 purposively selected participants with untreated obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Findings. Participants described loud snoring, frequent awakenings, dyspnoea, frustration over nocturia, fear of dying during sleep and partners' anxiety about the apnoea, as being night-time effects of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. They described dry and sore throats, tiredness and daytime sleepiness, shame about falling asleep and snoring, thoughts about complications and depressed mood as daytime effects. Needs, such as increased alertness, improved ability to concentrate, improved relationship, adequate information as well as effective treatment, were described. Participants tried self-care strategies such as information-seeking about sleep disturbances and treatment, adapted sleeping routines, change of bedroom arrangements, adapted daily schedules, hyperactivity and avoidance of difficult situations. Conclusion. The perceived effects and needs, as well as tried self-care actions by the patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in this study, could be used to identify and evaluate concerns of other patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome waiting for treatment. © 2007 The Authors.
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- Mulligan, Stephen P, et al.
(författare)
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Cladribine prolongs progression-free survival and time to second treatment compared to fludarabine and high-dose chlorambucil in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- 2014
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Ingår i: Leukemia and Lymphoma. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1042-8194 .- 1029-2403. ; 55:12, s. 2769-2777
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted a randomized phase III trial to compare the efficacy and safety of two purine analogs, cladribine and fludarabine, with high-dose chlorambucil, in patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Between 1997 and 2004, 223 patients with CLL were randomly assigned to cladribine, fludarabine or chlorambucil, for six cycles of therapy with frequent health-related quality of life assessments. There was no statistical difference for the primary endpoint of overall response with cladribine (70%), fludarabine (67%) and chlorambucil (59%), or complete remission (12%, 7% and 8%), respectively. However, the median progression-free survival (25, 10, 9 months) and median time to second treatment (40, 22, 21 months) were superior with cladribine. There was no significant difference in overall survival (96, 82 and 91 months), nor in toxicity or HRQoL assessments. Monotherapy with cladribine gives superior PFS and longer response duration than fludarabine and chlorambucil as first-line treatment of CLL.
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- Strömberg, Jan, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Consequences of recent gas turbine developments for industrial CHP applications
- 1993
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Ingår i: Heat Recovery Systems & CHP. ; 13:3, s. 219-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developments in gas turbine (GT) technology have been considerable during the last few years. In this paper, consequences regarding the technical performance for industrial combined heat and power applications are discussed and the most important design parameters are identified. Some GT types, which represent different stages of the developmental trend, are analysed in the simple and the combined cycle. Both the industrial and the aero-derivative GT classes are included. Conclusions are: (i) Generally, the developments have broadened the span of achievable power-to-heat ratios (α-values). Values between 0 and 1.5 are obtainable for different GT-based schemes with acceptable total efficiencies. (ii) The total efficiencies achievable depend strongly, and differently for different GT types, on the nature of the heat demands in the industrial process. (iii) When opportunities do not exist to cool the exhaust gases in an economizer, i.e. when the stack temperature is directly given by process heat demands, the total efficiency is independent of the GT class. For both classes, however, the development has led to higher total efficiencies when the process temperature demands are high. (iv) When opportunities exist to cool the exhaust gases in an economizer (which is often the case for the simple cycle and always for the combined cycle), the industrial GT developments have given improved ability to reach a high total efficiency. The new aero-derivative types, on the contrary, are worse than the conventional ones in this respect. This can also lead to worse performance in combined cycles for the new aero-derivative types. (v) When supplementary firing is applied, however, the total efficiency is high and similar for all various units and conditions. The ‘new aero-derivative’ units have, in that case, superior α-values—especially in the combined cycle.
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- Strömberg, Jan, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Energy-Efficient closed-cycled Bleaching
- 1997
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Ingår i: Presented at the 1997 TAPPI Minimum Effluent Mills Symposium October 23- 24, 1997 San Francisco, USA.. - 1103-2952.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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- Strömberg, Jan, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Gas turbines in industrial CHP applications - Assesment of economics
- 1994
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Ingår i: Heat Recovery Systems & CHP. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-4332. ; 14:2, s. 129-141, 1994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- abstract-Gas turbine (GT) units (of both the industrial and the aero-derivative type) at different developmental stages are economically assessed in both simple and combined cycle. The CHP plant supplies heat (at varying levels) to an industrial plant which currently uses some existing heating device to meet this heat requirement. The following is concluded regarding the payback periods (PBPs) obtained: (i) The CHP plant efficiencies have minor impact at high electricity-to-fuel price ratios (y values). (ii) At lower T values the efficiencies, and hence the GT type selection and nature of the heat requirement, become important. New and future GTs will then offer short PBPs, compared to conventional industrial GTs. (iii) A high electrical efficiency does not regularly imply short PBPs-sometimes the situation is actually the opposite. (iv) With an advanced GT or a combined cycle the electricity production for a given heat requirement can be substantially increased, compared to that for a less advanced GT, without any substantial increase in PBP (provided that these three systems are all designed for high total efficiencies and have similar investment costs). (v) A PBP rank ordering of various CHP options is not affected by the magnitude of the ~ value. With a life-cycle cost method, CHP plants with high power-to-heat ratios (such as the most advanced simple cycle GT and combined cycles) will be put in a favourable light-particularly if the profitability requirement is low. The rank ordering of these plants also benefits from a high y value.
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