| 1. |
- Johansson, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of air pollution and health by changing commuting from car to bicycle
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 584-585, s. 55-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our study is based on individual data on people’s home and work addresses, as well as their age, sex and physical capacity, in order to establish realistic bicycle-travel distances. A transport model is used to single out data on commuting preferences in the County Stockholm. Our analysis shows there is a very large potential for reducing emissions and exposure if all car drivers living within a distance corresponding to a maximum of a 30 minute bicycle ride to work would change to commuting by bicycle. It would result in more than 111 000 new cyclists, corresponding to an increase of 209% compared to the current situation.Mean population exposure would be reduced by about 7% for both NOx and black carbon (BC) in the most densely populated area of the inner city of Stockholm. Applying a relative risk for NOx of 8% decrease in all-cause mortality associated with a 10 µg m-3 decrease in NOx, this corresponds to more than 449 (95% CI: 340 - 558) years of life saved annually for the Stockholm county area with 2.1 million inhabitants. This is more than double the effect of the reduced mortality estimated for the introduction of congestion charge in Stockholm in 2006. Using NO2 or BC as indicator of health impacts, we obtain 395 (95% CI: 172 - 617) and 185 (95% CI: 158 - 209) years of life saved for the population, respectively. The calculated exposure of BC and its corresponding impacts on mortality are likely underestimated. With this in mind the estimates using NOx, NO2 and BC show quite similar health impacts considering the 95% confidence intervals.
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| 2. |
- Adolfsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Education and individualized support regarding exercise and diabetes improves glucose control and level of physical activity in type 1 diabetes individuals
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Endocrinology Diabetes & Obesity. - : JSciMed Central. - 2333-6692. ; 3:2, s. 1071-1077
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Physical activity is advocated in all individuals with diabetes. However, good glycemic control can be difficult to achieve due to exercise induced glucose excursions.Objective: To evaluate the impact on glucose control of a structured diabetes education concerning physical activity, delivered via the web/internet together with telemedical care (individualized feedback by phone).Methods: Eighty-two individuals with type 1 (T1D) were included in the pre-race intervention and randomized into two groups: intervention (I) (n=48) and control (C) (n=48). Both groups received web-based training of sports and nutrition in relation to diabetes. The intervention group also received structured and individualized feedback on two different occasions. HbA1c was measured at baseline, after 3 and 6 months when a 45 km cross-country skiing race (the HalvVasa) was performed. Only the individuals attending the skiing race were eligible to be included in the study. Level of Physical Activity (LPA), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) and Confidence In Diabetes Self-care (CIDS) were assessed at baseline and after 7 months.Results: HbA1c at start was 58.5 ± 10.0 (I) respectively 60.7 ± 9.5 (C) mmol/mol. At 3 months 56.7 ± 8.7 (I) respectively 61.0 ± 9.6 (C) mmol/mol and at 6 months 55.7 ± 8.1 (I) respectively 60.3 ± 9.7 (C) mmol/mol. A significant in (I) at 3 months: 2.2 ± 3.8 mmol/mol (0.7-3.7, 95% CI), (p<0.05) and after 6 months: 2.8 ± 5.5 mmol/mol (0.5-5.0, 95% CI), (p<0.05). No reduction was seen in (C). However between the two groups no difference was noted. The LPA was increased in 52% of the participants in (I) respectively 7% in (C), a significant difference, p<0.05. No differences were seen regarding HbA1c or LPA in the control group.Conclusion: Education and individualized feedback, delivered via telemedicine, to physical active individuals with T1D resulted in improvements in glycemic control within the intervention group and improved level of physical activity and locus of control when compared to the control group(12) (PDF) Education and individualized support regarding exercise and diabetes improves glucose control and level of physical activity in type 1 diabetes individuals.
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| 3. |
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| 5. |
- Danermark, Berth, et al.
(författare)
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International classification of functioning, disability, and health core sets for hearing loss : A discussion paper and invitation
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Audiology. - Oxon, United Kingdom : Taylor & Francis. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 49:4, s. 256-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) has adopted a multifactorial understanding of functioning and disability, merging a biomedical paradigm with a social paradigm into a wider understanding of human functioning. Altogether there are more than 1400 ICF-categories describing different aspects of human functioning and there is a need to developing short lists of ICF categories to facilitate use of the classification scheme in clinical practice. To our knowledge, there is currently no such standard measuring instrument to facilitate a common validated way of assessing the effects of hearing loss on the lives of adults. The aim of the project is the development of an internationally accepted, evidence-based, reliable, comprehensive and valid ICF Core Sets for Hearing Loss. The processes involved in this project are described in detail and the authors invite stakeholders, clinical experts and persons with hearing loss to actively participate in the development process.
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| 6. |
- Elm, Klas, et al.
(författare)
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En ny nollvision som både räddar och förlänger liv
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dagens Samhälle. - Stockholm. - 2002-5548. ; :24 november
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Nollvisionen för trafiksäkerheten är cynisk. Infrastrukturminister Tomas Eneroth måste ta fram ett nytt mål bortom nollvisionen som inte bara förhindrar dödsolyckor i trafiken, utan som också räddar, förbättrar och förlänger liv i hela samhället. Ett transportsystem där folkhälsan går plus är möjligt nu när elcykelförsäljningen ökar dramatiskt, skriver forskare och initiativtagare till Moving Beyond Zero. Varje person som väljer att cykla istället för att ta bilen räddar liv. Minskad biltrafik leder till mindre avgasutsläpp och vägslitage. Det förbättrar livskvaliteten hos personer med andningsbesvär och gör att de globala klimatförändringarna som påverkar allas hälsa negativt minskar. Dessutom vet vi sedan länge att motion förbättrar hälsan.Sedan 20 år tillbaka styrs det svenska trafiksäkerhetsarbetet av målet att ingen ska dödas eller skadas allvarligt i trafiken. Inledningsvis var arbetet framgångsrikt och antalet omkomna i trafikolyckor minskade från omkring 540 per år till fjolårets 270. Varje dödsfall är ett för mycket, men i dag framstår nollvisionen som cynisk.Bilarnas trafiksäkerhet har under dessa år ökat på cyklisternas bekostnad. Nya vajerräcken är den vägåtgärd som i störst utsträckning bidragit till att minska olyckorna för bilister. Men det har gjort det omöjligt att cykla på vägen. Det är en förklaring till att cyklandet har minskat på landsbygden. Trafikverket slår sig för bröstet för att antalet dödade och skadade har minskat i en del av samhället när det samtidigt har inneburit att personer dör i en annan del.Trafikverkets översyn av Nollvisionen från 2016 beskriver hur olyckor för bilister ska förhindras. För cyklisterna ses olyckorna som “oundvikliga” och att skadorna ska lindras genom att cyklisterna ska sänka hastigheten samt bära fluorescerande kläder och skyddsutrustning. Krav på att cyklister ska skydda sig själva från farliga vägar och bilar riskerar att minska cyklandet.Detta är cyniskt, då det finns flera åtgärder som Trafikverket kan göra för att också förhindra cykelolyckor. Trafikverkets egna beräkningar visar att säkrare cykelinfrastruktur skulle leda till 78 färre allvarligt skadade cyklister per år. Sänkt hastighet i tätbebyggt område och bättre vinterväghållning för cyklister skulle leda till 48 respektive 38 färre allvarligt skadade per år.Men istället för att satsa på det som skulle öka cyklingen och göra den säkrare har de senaste tjugo åren inneburit motsatsen. Nu gör elcykelpremien att försäljningen av elcyklar ökar dramatiskt och nyligen utsågs elcykeln till årets julklapp. Nu finns det möjligheter att tänka nytt i trafikpolitiken.Nyttorna med ökad aktiv mobilitet, såsom gång och cykling, är så mycket större än trafiksäkerhet. I jämförelse med olycksriskerna är hälsoeffekterna 20 gånger större. I Sverige dör varje år 1 500 personer på grund av luftföroreningar och vägdamm från trafiken, och flera 1000-tals personer dör varje år i förtid på grund av fysiskt inaktiv livsstil.Därför behöver Sverige en ny nollvision som räddar, förbättrar och förlänger liv istället för att så få som möjligt ska dödas eller skadas. Ett sådant mål kan bara nås genom att främja aktiv mobilitet. Klas ElmSvensk Cykling Gunilla Brynell JohanssonVD, Vätternrundan Lars StrömgrenEuropean Cyclists’ Federation Lovisa LarssonTrafiksäkerhetsrådet Peter SchantzProfessor, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan (GIH) Arijana MarjanovicCykelfrämjandet Henrik OretorpSvenska Cykelstäder Bertil ForsbergProfessor, Umeå Universitet
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| 7. |
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Festskrift till Mikael Möller
- 2024
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mikael Möller, professor emeritus i civilrätt vid Juridiska institutionen, Uppsala universitet, hyllas med denna festskrift.
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| 8. |
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Forskningsutmaningar för fastighetsrätten : En antologi
- 2010. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I boken ger fem nordiska forskare sin syn på vad som utgör framtida forskningsutmaningar inom fastighetsrätten. Boken innehåller fem uppsatser, skrivna på svenska, norska och engelska
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| 9. |
- Nilsson Sommar, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Overall health impacts of a potential increase in cycle commuting in Stockholm, Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 50, s. 552-564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To estimate the overall health impact of transferring commuting trips from car to bicycle..Design and setting: In this study registry information on location of home and work for residents in the County of Stockholm was used to obtain the shortest travel route on a network of bicycle paths and roads. Current modes of travel to work were based on travel survey data. The relation between duration of cycling and distance cycled was established as a basis for selecting the number of individuals that normally would drive a car to their work place, but have a distance to work that they could bicycle within 30 minutes. The change in traffic flows was estimated by a transport model (LuTrans) and effects on road traffic injuries and fatalities were estimated by using national hospital injury data. Effects on air pollution concentrations were modelled using dispersion models.Results: Within the scenario, 111 000 commuters would shift from car to bicycle. This corresponds to 32% of the existing car commuters. On average the increased physical activity reduced the one-year mortality risk by 12% among the additional bicyclists corresponding to 16 fewer premature deaths per year. Including the number of years lost due to morbidity, the total number of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) gained was 696. The amount of DALYs per year gained in the general population due to reduced air pollution concentrations at home addresses was 471. The number of DALYs lost by traffic injuries was 176. Including also air pollution effects among bicyclists, the scenario was calculated to each year give a net benefit of 939 DALYs.Conclusion: The health impact assessment of transferring commuting by car to bicycle estimated large health benefits even then considering injuries and air pollution exposure among bicyclists.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson Sommar, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Potential for reduced premature mortality by current and increased bicycle commuting : a health impact assessment using registry data on home and work addresses in Stockholm, Sweden.
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2055-7647. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The study aims to make use of individual data to estimate the impact on premature mortality due to both existing commuter bicycling and the potential impact due to increased physical activity through shifting transport mode from car commuting to bicycling.Methods: Using registry data on home and work addresses for the population of Stockholm County the shortest bicycling route on a network of bicycle paths and roads was retrieved. Travel survey data were used to establish current modes of commuting. The relation between duration of bicycling and distance bicycled within the general population in 2015 was established as a basis for identifying individuals that currently drive a car to work but were estimated to have the physical capacity to bicycle to work within 30 min. Within this mode-shift scenario from car-to-bike the duration of bicycling per week was estimated, both among current and potential bicycle commuters. The health impact assessment (HIA) on mortality due to bicycle commuting physical activity was estimated using the same relative risk as within the WHO Health Economic Assessment Tool.Results: The current number of bicycle commuters were 53 000, and the scenario estimated an additional 111 000. Their mean bicycle distances were 4.5 and 3.4 km, respectively. On average these respective amounts of physical activity reduced the yearly mortality by 16% and 12%, resulting in 11.3 and 16.2 fewer preterm deaths per year.Conclusion: The HIA of transferring commuting by car to bicycle estimated large health benefits due to increased physical activity.
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