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- Bennstam, AL, et al.
(author)
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Perception of tuberculosis in the Democratic Republic of Congo: wali ya nkumu in the Mai Ndombe district
- 2004
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In: Qualitative health research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1049-7323 .- 1552-7557. ; 14:3, s. 299-312
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To implement effective tuberculosis (TB) control programs, we must first understand the health culture in a given region. The authors organized eight focus group sessions in the Mai Ndombe district in the Democratic Republic of Congo to study the underlying attitudes toward TB and to describe the TB context with special reference to gender differences. They then analyzed the focus group data using a grounded theory design. TB is called “the disease of distance” and is described as a person invading people. Isolation and stigmatization are the methods being used to protect society from the TB threat. The authors observed no gender differences in the collected data.
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- Hallberg, Lillemor R.-M. 1942-, et al.
(author)
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Health consequences of workplace bullying : experiences from the perspective of employees in the public service sector
- 2006
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In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - Järfälla : CoAction Publishing. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 1:2, s. 109-119
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to explore the perceived health consequences of workplace bullying. Open interviews were conducted with 22 informants; 20 bully victims and two persons working with bullying prevention. Data was assessed and analysed simultaneously in line with grounded theory methodology. A conceptual model was grounded in data, describing experiences of deteriorating psychological and physical health following bullying and efforts of returning to a “normal” life. The core category, “remaining marked for life”, illuminates the manner in which bullying was perceived as a psychic trauma or a traumatic life event causing the bullied person to be marked forever. The model includes five additional categories: “feeling guilt, shame and diminishing self-esteem”, “developing symptoms and reactions”, “getting limited space of action”, “working through the course of events” and “trying to obtain redress”. Bullying included the spreading of rumours and repeated insults aimed at changing the image of the victim and resulting in feelings of guilt, shame and diminishing self-esteem. Physical and psychosomatic symptoms gradually emerge and medical treatment and sick listing follow. The longer the bullying continues, the more limited the possibility to change the situation and the victim has a more limited space of action. Returning to a “normal” life was possible, but presupposed that the victim had worked through of the course of events. The bullied person also tried to obtain redress, such as through monetary compensation or professional confirmation. Despite this, bullying left an internal scar: the bully victim was marked for life.
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- Strandmark, K. Margaretha, et al.
(author)
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Being Rejected and Expelled from the Workplace : Experiences of Bullying in the Public Service Sector
- 2007
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In: Qualitative Research in Psychology. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 1478-0887 .- 1478-0895. ; 4:1-2, s. 1-14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim was to describe how bullying was experienced by individuals who had been exposed to bullying at their workplaces. Open interviews were conducted with 22 participants from different professional and organizational status groups in the public service sector, who had experienced bullying at their workplaces. The interviews were analyzed according to guidelines for grounded theory. The core category illuminated a social process of “being rejected and expelled from the workplace.” Based on the informantś descriptions, the meaning of bullying seemed to be conflict resolution through rejection of a threatening workmate. Additional categories described assumed intentions of indirect aggressive behaviors; “changing a person's image by means of slander,” “betraying a person through deceit,” “devaluing a person through insults,” and “legitimizing bullying through unjust treatment.” The category “mobilizing power through support” showed that the informants perceived temporary relief from suffering through support from others. Often support from those other than family and close friends was sparse. All categories formed a conceptual model describing a process of workplace bullying, as experienced and described by the informants. A conceptual model is proposed to illustrate a social process of rejection and expulsion from the workplace, based on interview data from informants who have experiences of bullying at the workplace. Bullying seemed to hold meaning in that it was perceived by the informants to solve values conflicts in the workplace.
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- Strandmark, K. Margaretha, et al.
(author)
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The origin of workplace bullying : experiences from the perspective of bully victims in the public service sector
- 2007
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In: Journal of Nursing Management. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0966-0429 .- 1365-2834. ; 15:3, s. 332-341
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Workplace bullying has attracted increased attention during the last decade due to its severe consequences on health. However, the origin of bullying has, so far, been insufficiently described.AIM:This study investigates the manner in which bullying is initiated at workplaces in the public service sector.METHOD:Twenty-two bully victims were interviewed in-depth and data were analysed according to grounded theory methodology.RESULTS:The findings of this study demonstrated that bullying was preceded by a long-standing struggle for power. This power struggle emanated from conflicts of values caused by organizational conditions, leadership styles and the involved parties' work expectations. In particular, individuals who perceived themselves as strong and competent or as vulnerable and sensitive persons were targeted in these types of power struggles.CONCLUSIONS:In these cases, if values conflicts were solved, the power struggle ebbed. When values conflicts remained unsolved, the gap widened between the targeted individual and that person's opponents. Thereby, the conflict escalated and grew into one characterized by systematic and persistent bullying.
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