| 1. |
- Almgren, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Vetenskapsrådets friande av forskningsfusk obegripligt
- 2011
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In: Dagens nyheter. - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Hård kritik mot friande beslut. Förra hösten fann vi att en medicinforskare fabricerat och förfalskat forskningsresultat. Det är den mest omfattande utredningen om forskningsfusk under efterkrigstiden. För två veckor sedan drog Vetenskapsrådets nye chef tillbaka utredningen med en motivering som är helt tagen ur luften. Beslutet riskerar att ytterligare försämra förtroendet för forskningen i Sverige och för arbetet mot forskningsfusk, skriver den expertgrupp i Vetenskapsrådet som utredde misstankarna mot forskaren.
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| 2. |
- Ambring, Anneli, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Mediterranean-inspired diet lowers the ratio of serum phospholipid n-6 to n-3 fatty acids, the number of leukocytes and platelets, and vascular endothelial growth factor in healthy subjects.
- 2006
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In: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - 0002-9165. ; 83:3, s. 575-81
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Reduced cardiovascular mortality and morbidity have been shown in persons adhering to Mediterranean-inspired diets (MIDs). Although the underlying mechanisms of this association are poorly understood, the importance of increasing dietary amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 series has been emphasized. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether a MID provided to healthy subjects would affect 1) the inflammatory process and endothelial indexes such as vasoregulation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and 2) serum phospholipid fatty acid composition. DESIGN: A total of 22 subjects (10 women) received a MID or an ordinary Swedish diet (OSD) for 4 wk in a crossover fashion. Concentrations of lipids and fatty acids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6, both before and after lipopolysaccharide stimulation; the number of leukocytes and platelets; and VEGF and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 were analyzed. RESULTS: The plasma ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids was substantially lower after the MID than after the OSD (x +/- SEM: 4.72 +/- 0.19 and 2.60 +/- 0.17, respectively; P < 0.0001). Neither C-reactive protein nor interleukin 6 concentrations changed significantly after the MID compared with the OSD. The total number of leukocytes and platelets was 10% (P < 0.05) and 15% (P < 0.001) lower, respectively, after the MID than after the OSD. Serum VEGF concentrations were lower after the MID than after the OSD (237 +/- 30 and 206 +/- 25 pg/mL, respectively; P = 0.0014). CONCLUSIONS: A MID reduces the number of platelets and leukocytes and VEGF concentrations in healthy subjects. This may be linked to higher serum concentrations of n-3 fatty acids, which promote a favorable composition of phospholipids.
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| 3. |
- Chen, Yun, 1966, et al.
(author)
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High levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, insulin resistance and saturated fatty acids are associated with endothelial dysfunction in healthy adolescents.
- 2010
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In: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 211:2, s. 638-42
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Atherosclerosis begins and progresses during childhood and adolescence. Endothelial dysfunction is one of the earliest abnormalities that can be detected in the development of atherosclerosis. As the determinants of endothelial function in childhood are unknown, we investigated the influence of cardiovascular risk factors on endothelial function in a cohort of healthy adolescents. METHODS: A total of 257 adolescents (age: 14.5+/-1.0 years, 138 girls) participated in this study. Endothelial function was measured as reactive hyperemic index (RHI) using a fingertip peripheral arterial tonometry device. Blood samples were collected for analysis of lipids, insulin, glucose, fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids, and markers of inflammation and endothelial function. RESULTS: There was no gender difference in RHI. Boys had higher plasma level of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), P-selectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and lower level of insulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), ApoA1, ApoB, and docosahexaenoic acid of plasma phospholipids than girls. There was no gender difference regarding triacylglycerol, triacylglycerol/HDL, LDL/HDL and ApoB/ApoA. The RHI was inversely associated with plasma ICAM-1 (p=0.0003), HOMA index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, p=0.001) and saturated fatty acids of plasma phospholipids (SFA, p=0.001). The associations remained significant after adjusting for age, height, BMI-z-score, sex, blood pressure, HDL and smoking. CONCLUSION: In healthy adolescents impaired endothelial function is significantly associated with high level of soluble ICAM-1, HOMA-IR and SFA.
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| 4. |
- Dangardt, Frida, 1977, et al.
(author)
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High physiological omega-3 Fatty Acid supplementation affects muscle Fatty Acid composition and glucose and insulin homeostasis in obese adolescents.
- 2012
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In: Journal of nutrition and metabolism. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-0732 .- 2090-0724. ; 2012
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Obese adolescents have high concentrations of saturated fatty acids and low omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCUFAs) in plasma phospholipids. We aimed to investigate effects of omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation to obese adolescents on skeletal muscle lipids and glucose and insulin homeostasis. Twenty-five obese adolescents (14-17 years old, 14 females) completed a randomized double-blind crossover study supplying capsules containing either 1.2g omega-3 LCPUFAs or placebo, for 3 months each with a six-week washout period. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and lipids were measured. Intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp were performed, and skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained at the end of each period. The concentrations of EPA, DHA, and total omega-3 PUFA in muscle phospholipids increased in both sexes. In the females, omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation improved glucose tolerance by 39% (P = 0.04) and restored insulin concentration by 34% (P = 0.02) during IVGTT. Insulin sensitivity improved 17% (P = 0.07). In males, none of these parameters was influenced by omega-3 supplementation. Thus, three months of supplementation of omega-3 LCPUFA improved glucose and insulin homeostasis in obese girls without influencing body weight.
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| 5. |
- Dangardt, Frida, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation improves vascular function and reduces inflammation in obese adolescents.
- 2010
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In: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 212:2, s. 580-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Compared to normal weight adolescents, obese adolescents have lower serum omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations, augmented inflammatory activity and endothelial dysfunction. We wanted to assess whether n-3 supplementation increases the serum n-3 PUFA concentration, improves vascular function and morphology, and lowers inflammation in obese adolescents.
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| 6. |
- Debray, Dominique, et al.
(author)
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Best practice guidance for the diagnosis and management of cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease.
- 2011
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In: Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society. - 1873-5010. ; 10 Suppl 2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Approximately 5-10% of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients develop multilobular cirrhosis during the first decade of life. Most CF patients later develop signs of portal hypertension with complications, mainly variceal bleeding. Liver failure usually occurs later, after the paediatric age. Annual screening for liver disease is recommended to detect pre-symptomatic signs and initiate ursodeoxycholic acid therapy, which might halt disease progression. Liver disease should be considered if at least two of the following variables are present: abnormal physical examination, persistently abnormal liver function tests and pathological ultrasonography. If there is diagnostic doubt, a liver biopsy is indicated. All CF patients with liver disease need annual follow-up to evaluate the development of cirrhosis, portal hypertension or liver failure. Management should focus on nutrition, prevention of bleeding and variceal decompression. Deterioration of pulmonary function is an important consideration for liver transplantation, particularly in children with hepatic dysfunction or advanced portal hypertension.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Susanne, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Fatty acid pattern in serum is associated with bone mineralisation in healthy 8-year-old children.
- 2009
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In: The British journal of nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 102:3, s. 407-12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Animal studies have shown that fatty acids (FA) are important for normal bone development. Human data are scanty and mostly related to diseases. We hypothesised that serum FA pattern might be related to bone mineralisation in healthy children. Serum phospholipid FA pattern was studied in relation to bone parameters in eighty-five healthy Caucasian 8-year-olds. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and blood sampling for analysis of serum phospholipid FA by capillary GLC were performed on the same day. SFA concentrations were associated with bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip, lumbar spine and total body. There was a general trend that linoleic acid (LA; 18 : 2n-6) was negatively associated with BMD, since that was found both for the LA concentration, the total n-6 concentration and the ratio of n-6:n-3 FA. Arachidonic acid (AA; 20 : 4n-6) was positively correlated with bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD of total body, as was the corresponding z-score and the AA:LA ratio. Both saturated and polyunsaturated serum phospholipid FA were associated with BMC and BMD in healthy children. LA and AA were found to inversely influence bone mineralisation and the association with the n-6:n-3 ratio suggested that this balance might also be of importance. The general trend of a negative influence of high n-6 FA concentrations on bone mineralisation might be of concern in relation to the changes in the Western diet. Longitudinal studies are necessary to verify if different bone compartments and different grades of modelling are related to different FA patterns.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Susanne, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Food choice is reflected in serum markers and anthropometric measures in healthy 8-yr old.
- 2010
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In: e-SPEN, the European e-Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 1751-4991. ; 5:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: In healthy 4-yr-olds 17% were overweight/obese and high fat intake was associated with lower body weight and BMI. Aim: The objective was to analyse food intake and the relationship to anthropometry at the age of 8 yrs. Design: One-hundred and fourteen 8-yr-olds were investigated. Questionnaires were used for lifestyle, health and food choice combined with a 24-h dietary recall. Serum concentrations of vitamin D (25(OH)D) and phospholipid fatty acid concentrations were measured in 97 children. Results: Percentage of overweight/obesity was similar to 4-yr-olds. Saturated fat intake was higher than recommended. Consumption of full fat milk was negatively associated to BMI, like protein and fat intake per kg body weight. A moderate intake of fat fish was associated with higher serum concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids. Serum 25(OH)D levels were correlated to the intake. Junk food was mainly restricted to weekends and associated to higher energy, fat and sucrose intake, without association to anthropometry. Conclusion: Food pattern was similar to that at 4 yrs of age suggesting that food habits were established at an early age. High saturated fat intake was not negatively influencing anthropometry. Serum markers reflected the intake of fish, milk and vitamin D.
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, Susanne, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Metabolic profiles of fat and glucose differ by gender in healthy 8-year-olds.
- 2010
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In: Acta paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 99:1, s. 78-82
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate if metabolic markers were associated with anthropometry and weight increase in healthy 8-year-olds. METHODS: Ninety-seven healthy children, 66 of whom had been examined at the age of 4 years, were investigated. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed to determine fat (FM) and lean body mass (LBM). Plasma glucose and serum levels of insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, adiponectin and leptin were analysed and HOMA-indices were calculated. RESULTS: Despite similar anthropometry, metabolic markers differed by gender. Sixteen % of the children were overweight or obese. Body mass index (BMI) was strongly correlated to FM. Anthropometric measures except LBM correlated to metabolic markers in the girls. Boys had higher concentrations of plasma glucose than girls. In overweight children, insulin was negatively associated with LBM. Leptin and the ratio between leptin and adiponectin, but not adiponectin, were significantly associated with HOMA-IR and body composition. CONCLUSION: The metabolic profile of plasma glucose, serum leptin, fasting insulin and related HOMA indices differed by gender, despite no difference in BMI or FM. LBM, but not FM correlated to the insulin concentration in the overweight children. Leptin was the best marker of overweight.
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| 10. |
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