| 1. |
- Nevens, Frederik, et al.
(författare)
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A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Obeticholic Acid in Primary Biliary Cholangitis.
- 2016
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Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406. ; 375:7, s. 631-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primary biliary cholangitis (formerly called primary biliary cirrhosis) can progress to cirrhosis and death despite ursodiol therapy. Alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels correlate with the risk of liver transplantation or death. Obeticholic acid, a farnesoid X receptor agonist, has shown potential benefit in patients with this disease.
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| 2. |
- Blösch, Günter, et al.
(författare)
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Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) - a community perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 64:10, s. 1141-1158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.
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| 3. |
- Breinl, Korbinian, et al.
(författare)
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A joint modelling framework for daily extremes of river discharge and precipitation in urban areas
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Flood Risk Management. - : Wiley. - 1753-318X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human settlements are often at risk from multiple hydro-meteorological hazards, which include fluvial floods, short-time extreme precipitation (leading to ‘pluvial’ floods) or coastal floods. In the past, considerable scientific effort has been devoted to assessing fluvial floods. Only recently have methods been developed to assess the hazard and risk originating from pluvial phenomena, whereas little effort has been dedicated to joint approaches. The aim of this study was to develop a joint modelling framework for simulating daily extremes of river discharge and precipitation in urban areas. The basic framework is based on daily observations coupled with a novel precipitation disaggregation algorithm using nearest neighbour resampling combined with the method of fragments to overcome data limitations and facilitate its transferability. The framework generates dependent time series of river discharge and urban precipitation that allow for the identification of fluvial flood days (daily peak discharge), days of extreme precipitation potentially leading to pluvial phenomena (maximum hourly precipitation) and combined fluvial–pluvial flood days (combined time series). Critical thresholds for hourly extreme precipitation were derived from insurance and fire service data.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Dittrich, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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ESMO / ASCO Recommendations for a Global Curriculum in Medical Oncology Edition 2016
- 2016
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Ingår i: ESMO Open. - : Elsevier BV. - 2059-7029. ; 1:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) are publishing a new edition of the ESMO/ ASCO Global Curriculum (GC) thanks to contribution of 64 ESMOappointed and 32 ASCO-appointed authors. First published in 2004 and updated in 2010, the GC edition 2016 answers to the need for updated recommendations for the training of physicians in medical oncology by defining the standard to be fulfilled to qualify as medical oncologists. At times of internationalisation of healthcare and increased mobility of patients and physicians, the GC aims to provide state-of-the-art cancer care to all patients wherever they live. Recent progress in the field of cancer research has indeed resulted in diagnostic and therapeutic innovations such as targeted therapies as a standard therapeutic approach or personalised cancer medicine specialised training for medical oncology trainees. Thus, several new chapters on technical contents such as molecular pathology, translational research or molecular imaging and on conceptual attitudes towards human principles like genetic counselling or survivorship have been integrated in the GC. The GC edition 2016 consists of 12 sections with 17 subsections, 44 chapters and 35 subchapters, respectively. Besides renewal in its contents, the GC underwent a principal formal change taking into consideration modern didactic principles. It is presented in a template-based format that subcategorises the detailed outcome requirements into learning objectives, awareness, knowledge and skills. Consecutive steps will be those of harmonising and implementing teaching and assessment strategies.
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| 6. |
- Morchutt, Claudius, et al.
(författare)
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Interplay of Chemical and Electronic Structure on the Single-Molecule Level in 2D Polymerization
- 2016
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Ingår i: ACS NANO. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 10:12, s. 11511-11518
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single layers of covalently linked organic materials in the form of two-dimensional (2D) polymers constitute structures complementary to inorganic 2D materials. The electronic properties of 2D polymers may be manipulated through a deliberate choice of the organic precursors. Here we address the changes in electronic CO structure-from precursor molecule to oligomer by scanning tunneling spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. For this purpose, we introduce the polymerization reaction of 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene via decarboxylation on Cu(111), which is thoroughly characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. We present a comprehensive study of a contamination-free on-surface coupling scheme and study how dehydrogenation, decarboxylation, and polymerization affect the electronic structure on the molecular level.
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| 7. |
- Rutter, Nick, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of forest snow processes models (SnowMIP2)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 114:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thirty-three snowpack models of varying complexity and purpose were evaluated across a wide range of hydrometeorological and forest canopy conditions at five Northern Hemisphere locations, for up to two winter snow seasons. Modeled estimates of snow water equivalent (SWE) or depth were compared to observations at forest and open sites at each location. Precipitation phase and duration of above-freezing air temperatures are shown to be major influences on divergence and convergence of modeled estimates of the subcanopy snowpack. When models are considered collectively at all locations, comparisons with observations show that it is harder to model SWE at forested sites than open sites. There is no universal "best'' model for all sites or locations, but comparison of the consistency of individual model performances relative to one another at different sites shows that there is less consistency at forest sites than open sites, and even less consistency between forest and open sites in the same year. A good performance by a model at a forest site is therefore unlikely to mean a good model performance by the same model at an open site (and vice versa). Calibration of models at forest sites provides lower errors than uncalibrated models at three out of four locations. However, benefits of calibration do not translate to subsequent years, and benefits gained by models calibrated for forest snow processes are not translated to open conditions.
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| 8. |
- Zobor, Ditta, et al.
(författare)
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The clinical phenotype of CNGA3-related achromatopsia : Pretreatment characterization in preparation of a gene replacement therapy trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). - 0146-0404. ; 58:2, s. 821-832
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to clinically characterize patients with CNGA3-linked achromatopsia (CNGA3-ACHM) in preparation of a gene therapy trial. METHODS. Thirty-six patients (age 7-56 years) with complete (cACHM) or incomplete (iACHM) CNGA3-ACHM were examined, including detailed psychophysical tests, extended electrophysiology, and assessment of morphology by fundus autofluorescence and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). RESULTS. Mean best-corrected visual acuity was 0.78 ± 0.14 logMAR. Color vision tests were consistent with a rod-dominated function in every cACHM patient. Microperimetry indicated an overall lowered retinal sensitivity within 20° of visual field. In electroretinography (ERG), photopic responses were nondetectable in cACHM patients, but residual cone responses were observed in the iACHM patients. Scotopic responses were altered referring to anomalies of photoreceptor and postreceptor signaling, whereas in voltage versus intensity functions, V was significantly below normal values (P < 0.05). In contrast, slope (n) and semisaturation intensity (K) were found to be within normal limits. Spectral-domain OCT examination showed no specific changes in 14.7%, disruption of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) at the fovea in 38.2%, absent EZ in 17.7%, a hyporeflective zone in 20.5%, and outer retinal atrophy in 8.9% of all cases and foveal hypoplasia in 29 patients (85%). No correlation of retinal morphology with visual function or with a specific genotype was found. The severity of morphologic and functional changes lacked a robust association with age. CONCLUSIONS. Our extended investigations prove that even among such a genetically homogenous group of patients, no specific correlations regarding function and morphology severity and age can be observed. Therefore, the therapeutic window seems to be wider than previously indicated.
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