| 1. |
- Ahlström, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
-
Sweden
- 2011
-
Ingår i: The Routledge Handbook of Archaeological Human Remains and Legislation. An international guide to laws and practice in the excavation and treatment of archaeological human remains. - 9780415588577 ; , s. 441-454
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methodologies and legislative frameworks regarding the archaeological excavation, retrieval, analysis, curation and potential reburial of human skeletal remains differ throughout the world. As work forces have become increasingly mobile and international research collaborations are steadily increasing, the need for a more comprehensive understanding of different national research traditions, methodologies and legislative structures within the academic and commercial sector of physical anthropology has arisen. The Routledge Handbook of Archaeological Human Remains and Legislation provides comprehensive information on the excavation of archaeological human remains and the law through 62 individual country contributions from Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America and Australasia.
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Hälsopedagogprogrammet
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Från Kungl. Gymnastiska Centralinstitutet till Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan. - Stockholm : Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH. ; , s. 108-116
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 3. |
- Baker, Karis H., et al.
(författare)
-
The 10,000-year biocultural history of fallow deer and its implications for conservation policy
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 121:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last 10,000 y, humans have manipulated fallow deer populations with varying outcomes. Persian fallow deer (Dama mesopotamica) are now endangered. European fallow deer (Dama dama) are globally widespread and are simultaneously considered wild, domestic, endangered, invasive and are even the national animal of Barbuda and Antigua. Despite their close association with people, there is no consensus regarding their natural ranges or the timing and circumstances of their human-mediated translocations and extirpations. Our mitochondrial analyses of modern and archaeological specimens revealed two distinct clades of European fallow deer present in Anatolia and the Balkans. Zooarchaeological evidence suggests these regions were their sole glacial refugia. By combining biomolecular analyses with archaeological and textual evidence, we chart the declining distribution of Persian fallow deer and demonstrate that humans repeatedly translocated European fallow deer, sourced from the most geographically distant populations. Deer taken to Neolithic Chios and Rhodes derived not from nearby Anatolia, but from the Balkans. Though fallow deer were translocated throughout the Mediterranean as part of their association with the Greco-Roman goddesses Artemis and Diana, deer taken to Roman Mallorca were not locally available Dama dama, but Dama mesopotamica. Romans also initially introduced fallow deer to Northern Europe but the species became extinct and was reintroduced in the medieval period, this time from Anatolia. European colonial powers then transported deer populations across the globe. The biocultural histories of fallow deer challenge preconceptions about the divisions between wild and domestic species and provide information that should underpin modern management strategies.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bennet, Sean, et al.
(författare)
-
Altered intestinal antibacterial gene expression response profile in irritable bowel syndrome is linked to bacterial composition and immune activation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925. ; 30:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Immune activity and gut microbiota may impact the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We aimed to determine whether antibacterial gene expression of immune activity-defined IBS patients differed compared to healthy subjects (HS) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and whether antibacterial profiles reflected gut microbiota composition and IBS symptoms. Methods Key Results Expression of 84 antibacterial genes in biopsies from HS, IBS patients (clustered according to immune activity (systemic and intestinal cytokines): immunonormal or immunoactive), and UC patients was assessed by Human Antibacterial Response RT2 Profiler PCR Array. In IBS patients, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal and mucosal bacteria was performed and symptom pattern and severity were assessed. Intestinal antibacterial gene expression profiles differed between IBS patients (n = 31) and HS (n = 16), but did not differ between IBS subgroups based on bowel habit predominance or symptom severity. Based on previously identified IBS clusters, IBS patients with normal (n = 15) and enhanced immune activity (n = 16) had clearly separate antibacterial gene expression profiles from active UC patients (n = 12) and differed compared to each other and to HS. The differences in antibacterial gene expression profiles between immunonormal and immunoactive IBS patients were also reflected in distinct fecal and mucosal microbiota composition profiles, but not in symptom pattern or severity. Conclusions & Inferences This study demonstrates an altered antibacterial gene expression profile in IBS patients compared to HS and UC patients. While not linked to symptoms, immune activity-defined IBS clusters showed different intestinal antibacterial gene expression and distinct fecal and mucosal bacterial profiles.
|
|
| 5. |
- Cardeno, A., et al.
(författare)
-
The unsaponifiable fraction of extra virgin olive oil promotes apoptosis and attenuates activation and homing properties of T cells from patients with inflammatory bowel disease
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-8146. ; 161, s. 353-360
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The unsaponifiable fraction (UF) of extra virgin olive oil (EV00) possesses anti-inflammatory properties and exerts preventative effects in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The present study was designed to determine the in vitro effects of UF on blood and intestinal T cells from IBD patients and healthy subjects. The T cell phenotype was investigated by flow cytometry and cytokine secretion was determined by ELISA. The presence of UF of EVO0 promoted apoptosis and attenuated activation of intestinal and blood T cells isolated from IBD patients, decreasing the frequency of CD69(+) and CD25(+) T cells and, also, the secretion of IFN-gamma. Moreover, UF reduced the expression of the gut homing receptor integrin beta 7 on blood T cells from IBD patients. In conclusion, UF modulates the activity and the gut homing capacity of T cells, and might therefore be considered as a dietary complement with an anti-inflammatory role in IBD patients. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
|
|
| 6. |
- Dahlén, Rahil, et al.
(författare)
-
Global mucosal and serum cytokine profile in patients with ulcerative colitis undergoing anti-TNF therapy
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 50:9, s. 1118-1126
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objective. The knowledge of the effects of anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) treatment on the global cytokine profile in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is limited. A better understanding of these mechanisms could improve the ability to select patients that should undergo the therapy. Therefore, the aim was to determine the global mucosal and serum cytokine profile before and during induction therapy with anti-TNF in UC patients. Materials and methods. In total, mucosal biopsies (n = 28) and serum samples (n = 42) were collected from UC patients (total n = 48) before anti-TNF therapy. At week 14 response to the therapy was evaluated and again mucosal biopsies (n = 14) and serum samples (n = 42) were collected. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine mucosal cytokine mRNA expression and the MSD MULTI-ARRAY assay system platform was used for analysis of cytokines in serum. The global cytokine profile was evaluated by multivariate factor analysis. Results. At baseline, the global profile of mucosal cytokine mRNA expression and serum cytokines discriminated therapy responders from non-responders. Responders had lower mucosal mRNA expression of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-17A, IL-6 and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) than non-responders. Fourteen weeks after therapy start mucosal IL-1 beta and IL-6 were down-regulated in therapy responders but not in non-responders. At week 14, serum levels of IL-6 were decreased in therapy responders whereas IFN-gamma and IL-12p70 were increased in non-responders. Conclusions. Our data suggest that patients with a therapy failure have a more severe pro-inflammatory cytokine profile before start of anti-TNF treatment, which is less well suppressed by the treatment as compared to therapy responders.
|
|
| 7. |
- Dahlén, Rahil, et al.
(författare)
-
Infliximab Inhibits Activation and Effector Functions of Peripheral Blood T Cells in vitro from Patients with Clinically Active Ulcerative Colitis
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0300-9475. ; 78:3, s. 275-284
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are undergoing therapy with infliximab, an antibody specific for TNF. However, the exact mechanisms of action of infliximab are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro effects of infliximab on blood T cells derived from anti-TNF therapy-naive ulcerative colitis (UC) patients with clinically active disease. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated polyclonally or by antigen in the presence or absence of infliximab. The T cell phenotype was investigated by flow cytometry, cytokine secretion was determined by ELISA, and cell proliferation was determined by thymidine assay or CFSE dye. Presence of infliximab resulted in reduced expression of CD25 in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell populations and inhibited secretion of IFN-, IL-13, IL-17A, TNF as well as granzyme A. Infliximab also suppressed CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation. These effects of infliximab were recorded both in T cells activated by polyclonal and antigen-specific stimulation. The effects of infliximab on T cell apoptosis and induction of FOXP3(+)CD4(+) T regulatory cells were ambiguous and depended on the originating cellular source and/or the stimulation mode and strength. In conclusion, infliximab is able to reduce T cell activation as measured by CD25, proliferation and cytokine secretion in vitro from UC patients with clinically active disease. These data suggest that suppression of T cell activity may be important for infliximab-mediated disease remission in patients with UC.
|
|
| 8. |
- Emilsson, Ulla Melin, et al.
(författare)
-
Lack of Coordination between Health Care and Social Care in Multi-Professional Teamwork : the Obstacle for Coherent Care of Older People Suffering from Multi-Morbidity
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Population Ageing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1874-7876 .- 1874-7884. ; 15:2, s. 319-335
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lack of a cohesive health and social care is a well-known problem of significance for ageing people in general and frail older people in particular. Responsibility for organising and conducting social care and healthcare for the elderly rests on different principals in different countries but difficulties with organisational coordination and collaboration between professions and authorities in social care and healthcare is an extensive concern worldwide. Regardless of the distribution of responsibilities, collaboration and coordination structures are complex and often lead to problems. However, the gap in the coordination between different organisations and the collaboration between professions, implying that frail older people with major care needs still living in their own homes are pinched, has received hardly any recognition. By closely following an implementation project focused on teamwork in order to improve collaboration and coordination between social care and healthcare, the purpose of this article is to fill this gap with the help of an example from Sweden. Data consisted of event diaries, observations, focus groups, structured questionnaires and interviews. Findings showed that multi-professional teams certainly were established, but did not work or last. Among the obstacles found the most prominent features were the various professions’ own organisations, territorial thinking and rivalries. The whole idea of the initiative to achieve a cohesive healthcare and social care for ageing frail older people fell through. By letting this happen, not only did the project hinder the development of better practice in serving older adults, but also cemented the problematic structures it was intended to dissolve.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Forshammar, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
A pilot study of colonic B cell pattern in irritable bowel syndrome
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 43:12, s. 1461-6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Low-grade gastrointestinal inflammation has been reported in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the colonic B-cell pattern has not been investigated in these patients. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to investigate the distribution and isotype of immunoglobulin-producing B cells in the colonic mucosa of IBS patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with IBS (n=12) fulfilling the Rome II criteria were compared with controls (n=11). Immunohistochemical staining of biopsies from the sigmoid and ascending colon was performed. RESULTS: The number of IgA(+) B cells in the ascending colon was lower in IBS patients than in controls (p=0.039). Furthermore, unlike controls, IBS patients had a reduction of IgA(+) B cells in the ascending colon relative to the sigmoid colon (p=0.04). Neither the IgG(+), nor the IgM(+) colonic B-cell numbers differed between IBS patients and controls. Very few colonic IgE(+) cells were detected and there was no difference between the two subject groups. CONCLUSIONS: The reduced number of colonic IgA(+) B cells in IBS patients suggests that the disorder may be associated with a modified gut immune defence. Whether this phenomenon is causally related to symptoms remains unknown and merits further investigation in a larger group of patients.
|
|
