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| 3. |
- Kluting, Kerri, et al.
(författare)
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Forest Fire Influence on Tomicus piniperda-Associated Fungal Communities and Phloem Nutrient Availability of Colonized Pinus sylvestris
- 2023
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Ingår i: Microbial Ecology. - : Springer. - 0095-3628 .- 1432-184X. ; 86:1, s. 224-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest fire is known to positively affect bark beetle populations by providing fire-damaged trees with impaired defenses for infestation. Tomicus piniperda, the common pine shoot beetle, breeds and lays eggs under the bark of stressed pine trees and is considered a serious forest pest within its native range. Wood-colonizing fungi have been hypothesized to improve substrate quality and detoxify tree defensive chemistry to indirectly facilitate tree colonization by beetles. While some bark beetle species form symbiotic associations with fungi and actively vector their partners when colonizing new trees, T. piniperda does not have mycangia or body hairs for specific vectoring of fungi. To explore the T. piniperda-associated fungal community for signs of specific association, we used ITS metabarcoding to separately characterize fungal communities associated with surface and gut of male and female beetles. We also characterized the temporal changes in fungal community and nutrient status of pine phloem with and without beetle galleries. Sampling was performed 2 years after a natural forest fire and included both burnt and unburnt sites. In our study system, we find that forest fire significantly impacts the fungal community composition associated with T. piniperda and that fire may also indirectly change nutrient availability in phloem to beetle galleries. We conclude that T. piniperda can vector fungi to newly colonized trees but the absence of positive effects on substrate quality and minimal effects of sex indicate that vectoring of associated fungal communities is not a strategy associated with the T. piniperda life cycle.
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| 4. |
- Kluting, Kerri L., et al.
(författare)
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Another dark taxon comes to light: Eludereomycetes, class nov. (Pucciniomycotina, Basidiomycota), and its first known living representative, Eluderea minerophilus, gen. et sp. nov.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Only a small fraction of the world’s fungi is described, and the large number of unnamed fungal sequences from environmental DNA serves as a significant complication for taxonomic identification in metabarcoding studies. There are several deeply diverged fungal lineages—some hypothesized to represent class and order ranks—currently known only by environmental DNA sequences that represent them. Here, we describe a previously unidentified fungal culture as the first living representative of one of these lineages (previously referred to as ‘clade GS25’, hypothesized as an early diverging lineage sister to the Pucciniomycotina, Basidiomycota) and present its sequenced genome. We used a phylogenomic approach to test the placement and taxonomic rank of this lineage. We formally describe the first known species in Eludereomycetes, class nov. (Pucciniomycotina, Basidiomycota): Eluderea minerophilus, gen. et sp. nov. This species was isolated from Pinus sylvestris roots collected from a Swedish pine forest, where previously published environmental sequencing data from the site indicate that it is almost exclusively found in the deeper mineral soil horizons. Our analysis shows that the most closely related described species to E. minerophilus likely belongs to the Classiculomycetes, a class within the Pucciniomycotina that is morphologically, molecularly, and ecologically distinct from the Eludereomycetes. Identification of a living representative for this lineage previously detected in environmental DNA, ‘clade GS25’, and describing it as a new species was a somewhat serendipitous discovery made possible in part due to characteristics of two previously published studies. We call attention to some of these aspects and propose a set of practices that could be adopted by the research community to help facilitate more connections between living fungus and environmental DNA sequence. The use of such practices would in turn help to alleviate some of the complications associated with unidentified fungal DNA sequences in reference databases and contribute towards a more complete understanding of fungal diversity.
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| 5. |
- Kluting, Kerri L., et al.
(författare)
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Forest fire influence on Tomicus piniperda-associated fungal communities and phloem nutrient availability of colonized Pinus sylvestris
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forest fire is known to positively affect bark beetle populations by providing fire-damaged trees with impaired defenses for infestation. Tomicus piniperda, the common pine shoot beetle, breeds and lays eggs under the bark of stressed pine trees and is considered a serious forest pest within its native range. Wood-colonizing fungi have been hypothesized to improve substrate quality and detoxify tree defensive chemistry to indirectly facilitate tree colonization by beetles. While some bark beetle species form symbiotic associations with beneficial fungi and actively vector their partners when colonizing new trees, T. piniperda does not have mycangia or body hairs for specific vectoring of fungi. To explore the T. piniperda-associated fungal community for signs of specific association, we used ITS metabarcoding to separately characterize fungal communities associated with surface and gut of male and female beetles. We also characterized the temporal changes in fungal community and nutrient status of pine phloem with and without beetle galleries. Sampling was performed two years after a natural forest fire and included both burnt and unburnt sites.In our study system, we find that forest fire significantly impacts the fungal community composition associated with T. piniperda and that fire may also indirectly change nutrient availability in phloem to beetle galleries. We conclude that T. piniperda can vector fungi to newly colonized trees but the absence of positive effects on substrate quality and minimal effects of sex indicate that vectoring of associated fungal communities is not a strategy associated with the T. piniperda life cycle.
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| 6. |
- Nilsing Strid, Emma, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Expectations on implementation of a health promotion practice using individually targeted lifestyle interventions in primary health care : a qualitative study
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Primary Care. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2731-4553. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is moderate to strong evidence of the effectiveness of health-promotion interventions, but implementation in routine primary health care (PHC) has been slow. In the Act in Time project implementation support is provided for a health promotion practice using individually targeted lifestyle interventions in a PHC setting. Identifying health care professionals' (HCPs') perceptions of barriers and facilitators helps adapt implementation activities and achieve a more successful implementation. This study aimed, at a pre-implementation stage, to describe the expectations of managers, appointed internal facilitators (IFs) and HCPs on implementing a healthy lifestyle-promoting practice in PHC.METHODS: In this qualitative study five focus group discussions with 27 HCPs and 16 individual interviews with managers and appointed IFs were conducted at five PHC centres in central Sweden. The PHC centres are participating in the Act in Time project, evaluating the process and outcomes of a multifaceted implementation strategy for a healthy lifestyle-promoting practice. A deductive qualitative content analysis based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was followed using inductive analysis.RESULTS: Twelve constructs from four of five CFIR domains were derived: Innovation characteristics, Outer setting, Inner setting, and Characteristics of individuals. These domains are related to the expectations of HCPs to implement a healthy lifestyle-promoting practice, which includes facilitating factors and barriers. The inductive analysis showed that the HCPs perceived a need for a health-promotion approach to PHC. It serves the needs of the patients and the expectations of the HCPs, but lifestyle interventions must be co-produced with the patient. The HCPs expected that changing routine practice into a healthy lifestyle-promoting practice would be challenging, requiring sustainability, improved structures, cooperation in inter-professional teams, and a common purpose. A collective understanding of the purpose of changing practice was vital to successful implementation.CONCLUSIONS: The HCPs valued implementing a healthy lifestyle-promoting practice in a PHC setting. However, changing routine methods was challenging, implying that the implementation strategy should address obstacles and facilitating factors identified by the HCPs.TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is part of the Act in Time project, registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with the number NCT04799860 . Registered 03 March 2021.
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| 7. |
- Nilsing Strid, Emma, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring expectations and readiness for healthy lifestyle promotion in Swedish primary health care : a qualitative analysis of managers, facilitators, and professionals
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 42:1, s. 201-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Prior to a multifaceted implementation strategy for a healthy lifestyle-promoting practice the expectations of primary health care managers, appointed internal facilitators and health care professionals on supporting change was explored.DESIGN: This study had an explorative qualitative design using data gathered from individual interviews and focus groups. Qualitative content analysis with a deductive category development was applied using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The study was conducted in a primary care setting in central Sweden as a part of the Act in Time research project. Prior to a multifaceted implementation strategy, we held 16 individual interviews with managers and appointed facilitators and five focus groups with 26 health care professionals.RESULTS: Managers, facilitators, and professionals held similar expectations, where their expressed need for support corresponded to three constructs: Readiness for implementation, Implementation climate, and Engaging. Our findings indicate the need for strong leadership engagement to focus on how the healthy lifestyle-promoting practice can be anchored among the professionals. Managers at all levels should communicate the vision and goals, enable facilitators and professionals to improve their competencies, build inter-professional teams, and jointly plan the new practice.CONCLUSION: To change to a healthy lifestyle promoting practice professionals request support from their managers, who in turn need support from the middle and top managers. The requested support includes helping to prioritise health promotion and enabling the primary care centres to build competence and take ownership of the implementation.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04799860.
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| 8. |
- Nilsing Strid, Emma, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of a Health Promotion Practice Using Individually Targeted Lifestyle Interventions in Primary Health Care : Protocol for the "Act in Time" Mixed Methods Process Evaluation Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: JMIR Research Protocols. - : JMIR Publications, Inc.. - 1929-0748. ; 11:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) can be attributable to unhealthy lifestyle habits. However, there has been little application of this knowledge in primary health care (PHC).OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the process and outcomes of a multifaceted implementation strategy for a healthy lifestyle-promoting practice in a PHC setting. This practice is based on national guidelines targeting unhealthy lifestyle habits with a potential risk for NCDs.METHODS: A pre-post implementation study design with a control group is used in a PHC setting in central Sweden. The Medical Research Council guidelines for process evaluation of complex interventions will be applied. The implementation process and outcomes will be assessed using a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. A strategic sample of up to 6 PHC centers will be included as intervention centers, which will receive a 12-month multifaceted implementation strategy. Up to 6 matched PHC centers will serve as controls. Core components in the implementation strategy are external and internal facilitators in line with the integrated-Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework and the Astrakan change leadership model. Data will be collected at baseline, during the implementation phase, and 4-6 months after the implementation strategy. Questionnaires will be sent to roughly 500 patients in every PHC center and 200 health care professionals (HCPs) before and after implementation. In addition, purposeful sampling will be used for interviews and focus group discussions with managers, HCPs, patient representatives, and internal and external facilitators. Use of data from medical records and activity logs will be an additional data source.RESULTS: Recruitment of PHC centers began in March 2021 and ended in Spring 2022. Based on the planned timeline with the 12-month implementation strategy and 4-6-month follow-up, we expect to collect the final data in Summer 2023.CONCLUSIONS: This study will explain implementation process and outcomes using a multifaceted implementation strategy for a healthy lifestyle-promoting practice in a real-world PHC context. The study is expected to provide new knowledge about the role of facilitators and their contribution to implementation outcomes. These findings can guide policy makers, managers, and PHC staff to integrate health promotion and disease prevention in PHC and provide methodological support to facilitators.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04799860; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04799860.INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/37634.
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| 9. |
- Strid, Ylva
(författare)
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Bark beetles facilitate the establishment of wood decay fungi
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forests in the northern hemisphere are largely dominated by conifers and provide a key habitat for a multitude of species. Wood decay fungi, i.e. basidiomycetes, are important for nutrient cycling. Saproxylic insects may facilitate the fungal colonization by opening up bark layer, provide a court for introduction, or they can specifically or loosely vector fungal propagules to the substrate. The aim of the thesis was to clarify the role of insects for dispersal of fungal spores and propagules to Norway spruce stem sections, determine whether mycelial establishment was aided by holes in the bark created by the bark beetle, examine the early succession of fungal diversity in dead wood, and determine whether the hibernation environments for Ips typographus have an impact on the fungal community dispersed by the bark beetle. Further analysis was conducted on wood material from high stumps and stem sections, mycelia from high stumps, and bark beetles from high stumps, stem sections, standing trees and forest litter. Pure culture isolation, T-RFLP, cloning and 454-sequencing were methods used to explain the fungal community composition. It was concluded that (i) bark beetles contribute to the establishment of wood decay fungi and act as random vectors; (ii) the fungal community vectored by the bark beetle is depending on the hibernation environment; (iii) beetle entrance and emergence holes on their own have little or no effect on the substrate availability for air-dispersed fungal species; (iv) the fungal community changes drastically in newly created dead wood and the ecological interaction between fungi and dead wood is complex; and (v) the complexity of the fungal community detected is influenced by the method used to analyze it. Overall, bark beetles have a major impact on fungal dispersal and colonization success of wood-decay fungi.
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| 10. |
- Strid, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Bark beetles have a decisive impact on fungal communities in Norway spruce stem sections
- 2014
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Ingår i: Fungal Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 7, s. 47-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study the importance of insects in the establishment of fungi, stem sections of Norway spruce were placed in mature managed conifer forests in Southeast Sweden. After one or two flying seasons, fungal communities in wood, bark and bark beetle samples were analysed by molecular methods. Excluding insects from stem sections with cages had a significant effect on the fungal community. Small wounds made in the bark to mimic insect activity did not significantly alter the fungal community, indicating that physical holes as such only played a minor role for the insect interaction with the fungal community development. Several white rot species were significantly more abundant in stem sections with insect access and were also detected from bark beetle samples. This suggests that insects do contribute to the development of early fungal succession on dead wood, but that creating small disturbances in the bark only have a minor contributing effect. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.
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