| 1. |
- Bruzzi, M, et al.
(författare)
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Radiation-hard semiconductor detectors for SuperLHC
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 541:1-2, s. 189-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An option of increasing the luminosity of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN to 1035 cm-2 s-1 has been envisaged to extend the physics reach of the machine. An efficient tracking down to a few centimetres from the interaction point will be required to exploit the physics potential of the upgraded LHC. As a consequence, the semiconductor detectors close to the interaction region will receive severe doses of fast hadron irradiation and the inner tracker detectors will need to survive fast hadron fluences of up to above 1016cm-2. The CERN-RD50 project "Development of Radiation Hard Semiconductor Devices for Very High Luminosity Colliders" has been established in 2002 to explore detector materials and technologies that will allow to operate devices up to, or beyond, this limit. The strategies followed by RD50 to enhance the radiation tolerance include the development of new or defect engineered detector materials (SiC, GaN, Czochralski and epitaxial silicon, oxygen enriched Float Zone silicon), the improvement of present detector designs and the understanding of the microscopic defects causing the degradation of the irradiated detectors. The latest advancements within the RD50 collaboration on radiation hard semiconductor detectors will be reviewed and discussed in this work.
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| 2. |
- Lebedev, A.A., et al.
(författare)
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Amplification of the signal in triode structures of ion detectors based on 6H-SIC epitaxial films
- 2001
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 79:26, s. 4447-4449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility of about 50 times the inneramplification of signals in SiC-based detectors of short-range ions is shown. The detector has an n-p-n+-like structure, where the p-type base was grown epitaxially on a 6H n+-SiC substrate. To complete the structure a Schottky barrier was made on top. Detector parameters were investigated in a "floating base" regime. Alpha particles from 244Cm were used and the augmentation of signal (E) with increasing applied voltage (U) was investigated. A superlinear increase of E was observed with a significant (tens of times) amplification of the introduced by the alpha particle nonequilibrium charge. It was also found that the nonuniformity of the diffusion-drift carrier transport parameters in the films does not exceed 10%. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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| 3. |
- Strokan, N.B., et al.
(författare)
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Detection of strongly and weakly ionizing radiation by triode structure based on SIC films
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 93:9, s. 5714-5719
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The detection of strongly and weakly ionizing radiation by triode structure based on silicon carbide (SiC) films was discussed. The possibility of alpha particle spectrometry in spite of slow carrier transport via diffusion was demonstrated. Analysis showed that the signal generated by weakly ionizing radiation incident on a film had low amplitude.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Strokan, N.B., et al.
(författare)
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Radiation resistance of transistor- and diode-type SiC detectors irradiated with 8-MeV protons
- 2004
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Ingår i: Semiconductors (Woodbury, N.Y.). - : Pleiades Publishing Ltd. - 1063-7826 .- 1090-6479. ; 38:7, s. 807-811
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nuclear-particle detectors based on SiC with a structure composed of an n+-type substrate, a p-type epitaxial layer, and a Schottky barrier are studied. Structures with a ~10-µm-thick 6H-SiC layer exhibit transistor properties, whereas those with a ~30-µm-thick 4H-SiC layer exhibit diode properties. It is established that a more than tenfold amplification of the signal is observed in the transistor-type structure. The amplification is retained after irradiation with 8-MeV protons with a dose of at least 5 × 1013 cm-2, in this case, the resolution is =10%. Amplification of the signal was not observed in the structures of diode type. However, there were diode-type detectors with a resolution of ˜3%, which is acceptable for a number of applications, even after irradiation with the highest dose of 2 × 1014 cm-2. © 2004 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica".
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| 6. |
- Strokan, N.B., et al.
(författare)
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Silicon carbide transistor structures as detectors of weakly ionizing radiation
- 2003
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Ingår i: Semiconductors (Woodbury, N.Y.). - : Pleiades Publishing Ltd. - 1063-7826 .- 1090-6479. ; 37:1, s. 65-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SiC-based nuclear radiation detectors figured prominently in the very first attempts of the 1960s to replace gas in ionization chambers with a more condensed semiconducting medium. However, the dynamics of improvement of SiC in those years was markedly inferior to the progress made in the development of competing materials. This study continues with the investigation of triode detector structures based on "pure" SiC films. It is established that for weakly ionizing radiation (as also in the case of strongly ionizing alpha particles) the signal is amplified by no less than a factor of several tens. This allows SiC films with a thickness of about 10 µm to be used to detect penetrating radiation, e.g., X-rays, since the effective thickness of the films is on the order of hundreds of micrometers. © 2003 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica".
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| 7. |
- Ivanov, A, et al.
(författare)
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High energy resolution detectors based on 4H-SiC
- 2005
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Ingår i: SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2004. - ZURICH-UETIKON : TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LT. - 0878499636 ; , s. 1029-1032
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spectrometric characteristics of the detectors based on 4H-SiC using 4.8-7.7 MeV a-particles were determined. The Cr Schottky barriers with areas of 1x10(-2) cm(2) were performed by vacuum thermal evaporation on 4H-SiC epitaxial layers grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with thickness 26 and 50 μ m. The concentrations of the uncompensated donors into CVD epitaxial layers were (6-10) x10(14) cm(-3), that allowed to develop a detector depletion region up to 30 μ m using reverse bias of 400 V. The energy resolution less than 20 keV (0.34%) for lines of 5.0-5.5 MeV was achieved that is twice as large of the resolution of high-precision Si-based detectors prepared on specialized technology. The maximum signal amplitude of 4H-SiC - detectors corresponding to the average electron-hole pair generation energy was found to be 7.70 eV.
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| 8. |
- Ivanov, A M, et al.
(författare)
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High-resolution short range ion detectors based on 4H-SiC films
- 2004
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Ingår i: Technical physics letters. - : Pleiades Publishing Ltd. - 1063-7850 .- 1090-6533. ; 30:7, s. 575-577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy resolution of SiC detectors has been studied in application to the spectrometry of alpha particles with 5.1-5.5 MeV energies. The Schottky barrier structure of the detector was based on a CVD-grown epitaxial n-4H-SiC film with a thickness of 26 mum and an uncompensated donor concentration of (1-2) x 10(15) cm(-3). An energy resolution of 0.5% achieved for the first time with SiC detectors allows fine structure of the alpha particle spectrum to be revealed. The average energy of the electron-hole pair formation in 4H-SiC is estimated at 7.71 eV.
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| 9. |
- Lebedev, A.A., et al.
(författare)
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Radiation hardness of wide-gap semiconductors (using the example of silicon carbide)
- 2002
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Ingår i: Semiconductors (Woodbury, N.Y.). - : Pleiades Publishing Ltd. - 1063-7826 .- 1090-6479. ; 36:11, s. 1270-1275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results obtained in studying the effect of ionizing radiation on epitaxial layers and devices based on silicon carbide (SiC) are considered. It is shown that, in investigations of wide-gap semiconductors (WGS), account should be taken of how the rate of removal of mobile charge carriers - the standard parameter in determining the radiation hardness of a material - depends on temperature. The use of data obtained only at room temperature may lead to an incorrect assessment of the radiation hardness of WGS. A conclusion is made that the WGS properties combine, on the one hand, high radiation hardness of high-temperature devices based on these semiconductors and, on the other, the possibility of effective radiation-induced doping (e.g., for obtaining semi-insulating local regions in a material at room temperature). © 2002 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica".
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| 10. |
- Strokan, N.B., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of micrometer diffusion lengths by nuclear spectrometry
- 2005
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Ingår i: Semiconductors (Woodbury, N.Y.). - : Pleiades Publishing Ltd. - 1063-7826 .- 1090-6479. ; 39:12, s. 1394-1398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for determination of diffusion lengths in the range 0.5-50 µm, which corresponds to carrier lifetimes in the nanosecond range, is suggested A calibrated nonequilibrium charge is injected into the base of the reverse-biased diode structure. The injection is provided by alpha particles generated by natural decay in the single-particle counting mode. The nuclear spectrometry technique is used to measure the amount of charge that diffused across the base to the boundary of the electric-field region. The loss of charge during the diffusion is calculated as a function of the depth of alpha particle penetration beyond the electric-field region. The derived power-law functions make it possible to relate the diffusion length with the exponent and numerical factor that describes the loss of charge. The experiment is performed with lightly doped 4H-SiC epitaxial films. © 2005 Pleiades Publishing, Inc.
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