| 1. |
- Coleman, H. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Occurrence of ectoparasiticides in Australian beef cattle feedlot wastes
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 174, s. 265-272
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of 6 ectoparasiticides - 2 synthetic pyrethroids (deltamethrin, cypermethrin) and 4 macrocyclic lactones (abamectin, doramectin, ivermectin and eprinomectin) in biosolids. The method was used to investigate the occurrence of these ectoparasiticides in beef cattle feedlot wastes in Australia from 5 commercial feedlot operations which employ varying waste management practices. Deltamethrin and cypermethrin were not detected in any of the samples while abamectin, ivermectin, doramectin and eprinomectin were detected in some of the samples with concentrations ranging from 1 to 36 mu g/kg dry weight (d.w.) freeze dried feedlot waste. Levels of macrocyclic lactones detected in the feedlot wastes varied and were dependent on sample type. The effect of seasonal variations and waste management practices were also investigated in this study.
|
|
| 2. |
- HM, Coleman, et al.
(författare)
-
Chemicals of concern in Australian beef cattle feedlot wastes – occurrence of ectoparasiticides and steroid hormones.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: 3rd International Conference on Industrial and Hazardous Waste Management.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Commercial feedlots for beef cattle finishing are potential sources of a range of trace chemical contaminants which have human health and environmental significance. The Meat and Livestock Association of Australia aim to ensure adequate protection of human and environmental health from exposure to these chemicals and have been working with the University of New South Wales to identify best practices for the management of contaminants in feedlot wastes. This involved studying the fate and analysis of key contaminants of concern in manure and composted waste on feedlot operations.Chemical contaminants of concern identified include steroidal hormones - oestrogens (17β-oestradiol, 17α-oestradiol, oestrone) and androgens (testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, testosterone propionate, 17β-trenbolone, 17α-trenbolone) which are administered to beef cattle as hormone growth promoters. These compounds are of concern due to their endocrine disrupting properties. Ectoparasiticides are also commonly used on Australian feedlots as anti-parasitic agents to control ticks, flies and lice. These include the synthetic pyrethroids (deltamethrin, cypermethrin, flumethrin) and macrocyclic lactones (ivermectin, doramectin, abamectin, eprinomectin). Good management of ectoparasiticides is important for the prevention of potential ecotoxicological implications, particularly towards dung beetles. Very few of these chemical contaminants have been thoroughly investigated in terms of concentrations, effects and attenuation in feedlot wastes.This project involved the development and optimisation of analytical methods to determine the fate and levels of these compounds in cattle manure and composted waste. These methods were applied to analyse feedlot samples taken after various stages of processing from Australian beef cattle feedlots. Synthetic pyrethroids were not detected in any of the samples while macrocyclic lactones and steroidal hormones were detected in some samples. These results will be discussed with respect to sample type, chemical usage, seasonal variation, waste management practice and ecotoxicological significance. The outcomes of this research aided in the development of best practice guidelines for the safe management of feedlot wastes in Australia.
|
|
| 3. |
- Short, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Challenges in Adapting Australian Water Resources and Infrastructure to Climate Change
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Water. - 2073-4441. ; 37:7, s. 42-48
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is widespread agreement amongst the internationalscientific community that climate change is occurring, that it is largely manmade and that it will have significant implications for humanity. Climate change poses major problems for many sectors, such that there is now growing awareness of the need to adapt in order to minimise the negative impacts and exploit possible future benefits under a changed climate. To assist in defining Australia’s climate change adaptation research agenda for the water sector, a comprehensive review was undertaken as part of the Australian Climate Change Adaptation Research Network for Settlements and Infrastructure (ACCARNSI)— one of the eight thematic research networks under the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF) (www.nccarf.edu.au).This review seeks to outline a range of critical knowledgegaps and future research priority areas for the water sector. It is suggested that future research effort in these key areas would assist the water industry in formulating effective water infrastructure and water security adaptation responses. Given the extensive range of potential climate change impacts on water resources, the research potential in this field is known to be almost limitless (USEPA, 2008). Consequently, this review provides a high-level overview of suggested ‘priority’ research needs and by no means represents an exhaustive list of all current challenges and future research needs for water sector adaptation.
|
|
| 4. |
- Short, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Municipal gravity sewers: an unrecognised source of nitrous oxide
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 468-469, s. 211-218
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is a primary ozone-depleting substance and powerful greenhouse gas. N 2 O emissions from secondary-level wastewater treatment processes are relatively well understood as a result of intensive international research effort in recent times, yet little information exists to date on the role of sewers in wastewater management chain N 2 O dynamics. Here we provide the first detailed assessment of N 2 O levels in the untreated influent (i.e. sewer network effluent) of three large Australian metropolitan wastewater treatment plants. Contrary to current international (IPCC) guidance, results show gravity sewers to be a likely source of N 2 O. Results from the monitoring program revealed hydraulic flow rate as a strong driver for N 2 O generation in gravity sewers, with microbial processes (nitrification and possibly denitrification) implicated as the main processes responsible for its production. Results were also used to develop a presumptive emission factor for N 2 O in the context of municipal gravity sewers. Considering the discrepancy with current IPCC Guidelines, further work is warranted to assess the scale and dynamics of N 2 O production in sewers elsewhere. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
|
|
