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- Caporale, N., et al.
(författare)
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From cohorts to molecules: Adverse impacts of endocrine disrupting mixtures
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375:6582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Convergent evidence associates exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with major human diseases, even at regulation-compliant concentrations. This might be because humans are exposed to EDC mixtures, whereas chemical regulation is based on a risk assessment of individual compounds. Here, we developed a mixture-centered risk assessment strategy that integrates epidemiological and experimental evidence. We identified that exposure to an EDC mixture in early pregnancy is associated with language delay in offspring. At human-relevant concentrations, this mixture disrupted hormone-regulated and disease-relevant regulatory networks in human brain organoids and in the model organisms Xenopus leavis and Danio rerio, as well as behavioral responses. Reinterrogating epidemiological data, we found that up to 54% of the children had prenatal exposures above experimentally derived levels of concern, reaching, for the upper decile compared with the lowest decile of exposure, a 3.3 times higher risk of language delay. © 2022 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Small, H J, et al.
(författare)
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Laser-assisted microdissection: a new tool for aquatic molecular parasitology.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Diseases of aquatic organisms. - 0177-5103. ; 82:2, s. 151-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laser-assisted microdissection (LMD) has been developed to isolate distinct cell populations from heterogeneous tissue sections, cytological preparations, or live cell samples. Downstream applications typically include gene expression studies using real-time PCR and array platforms, diagnostic PCR, and protein expression studies. LMD techniques are now commonplace in mainstream biological research and clearly have suitable applications in the field of aquatic pathology and parasitology. The present study used LMD to isolate 2 dinoflagellate parasites (Hematodinium spp.) from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 2 crustacean hosts, Cancer pagurus and Portunus trituberculatus. DNA was isolated from LMD parasite preparations, and partial regions (up to 300 bp) of the small subunit and the first internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene complex from the Hematodinium spp. were PCR amplified using diagnostic primers. The amplification products were sequenced to confirm the identity of the targeted regions. The techniques, applications, and limitations of LMD to address questions in aquatic molecular pathology and parasitology are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Gustavsson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical monitoring of Swedish coastal waters indicates common exceedances of environmental thresholds, both for individual substances as well as their mixtures
- 2017
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 122:1-2, s. 409-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemical pollution was monitored and assessed along the Swedish west coast. 62 of 172 analyzed organic chemicals were detected in the water phase of at least one of five monitored sites. A Concentration Addition based screening-level risk assessment indicates that all sites are put at risk from chemical contamination, with total risk quotients between 2 and 9. Only at one site did none of the individual chemicals exceeded its corresponding environmental threshold (PNEC, EQS). The monitoring data thus demonstrate a widespread blanket of diffuse pollution, with no clear trends among sites. Further issues critical for the environmental chemical risk assessment include the challenges to achieve sufficiently low levels of detection, especially for hormones and cypermethrin (a pyrethroid insecticide), the appropriate consideration of non-detects and the limited availability of reliable PNECs and EQS values.
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| 8. |
- Lammel, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Trophic transfer of CuO NPs from sediment to worms (Tubifex tubifex) to fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus): a comparative study of dissolved Cu and NPs enriched with a stable isotope tracer (Cu-65)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Science-Nano. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2051-8153 .- 2051-8161. ; 7:8, s. 2360-2372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal nanoparticles (NPs) released into the aquatic environment will likely accumulate in sediment and be available for sediment-dwelling invertebrates that serve as food for other organisms, such as fish. The aim of the present study was to investigate trophic transfer of copper oxide (CuO) NPs and dissolved Cu (CuCl2) from natural sediment to the sediment-dwelling worm Tubifex tubifex, and then to the predatory fish Gasterosteus aculeatus (three-spined stickleback). Cu enriched in the stable isotope Cu-65 was used to increase detection and discriminate newly added/assimilated Cu from background Cu levels. Worms were exposed to sediment spiked with (CuCl2)-Cu-65 or (CuO)-Cu-65 NPs (similar to 20 nm) at environmentally relevant concentrations for 7 days and subsequently fed to fish for 7 days. Worms accumulated Cu-65 during sediment exposure to both (CuCl2)-Cu-65 and (CuO)-Cu-65 NPs (0.7 and 1.1 mu g Cu-65 per g dw tissue, respectively), resulting in Cu-65 body burdens significantly different from control. Furthermore, significantly more Cu-65 was released from the sediment into the overlying water in the 65 CuO NP exposures compared to the (CuCl2)-Cu-65 exposures. Cu-65 accumulation in fish feeding on (CuCl2)-Cu-65 and (CuO)-Cu-65 NP-exposed worms was limited (intestinal tissue: 80 and 65 ng g(-1) dw; fish carcass: 7 and 10 ng g(-1) dw, and liver: 50 and 10 ng g(-1) dw, respectively). Glutathione peroxidase (gpx) mRNA expression was significantly higher in fish feeding on (CuCl2)-Cu-65-exposed worms compared to (CuO)-Cu-65 NP-exposed worms (though Cu-65 tissue concentrations were similar). No significant effects were detected for the other investigated genes (ctr1, mta, gcl, gr, sod, cat, zo-1). Our results show that NP-derived Cu can enter freshwater food webs, but bioaccumulation and trophic transfer under environmentally realistic exposures is low (detectable with a tracer) and not different from that of dissolved Cu.
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| 9. |
- Sohn, L., et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to a nicotinoid pesticide reduces defensive behaviors in a non-target organism, the rusty crayfish Orconectes rusticus
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ecotoxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0963-9292 .- 1573-3017. ; 27:7, s. 900-907
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Imidacloprid is the most widely used of the nicotinoid insecticides, the fastest growing class of pesticides on the global market. Although less toxic to mammals and birds compared to organophosphates, nicotinoids have the potential to impact non-target invertebrates, especially through sublehal effects on behavior, physiology, reproduction, and development. We investigated the impact of sublethal doses of imidacloprid on the defensive responses of rusty crayfish Orconectes rusticus exposed to 0, 1, 10, and 100µg•L−1 of imidacloprid for 10 days (n=7 crayfish per treatment). Defensive behaviors were examined with the rod test, in which a glass rod was jabbed into the crayfish’s container at a 90 degree angle from the bottom and about 0.5cm directly in front of the crayfish. Crayfish responded to the rod aggressively with claw raising and pinching, neutrally (no response), or by backing or tail-flipping away. The frequency of neutral responses more than doubled after four days in the high (100µg•L−1) group and after eight days in the low (1µg•L−1) exposure group. Furthermore, most crayfish in the 100µg•L−1 treatment were not able to right themselves within 30s when placed on their backs. Several studies have reported concentrations of imidacloprid contamination in freshwater ecosystems that exceed this study’s lowest exposure scenario, 1µg•L−1. We therefore conclude that imidacloprid contamination reduces the defensive behaviors of crayfish, impairing their ability to survive in habitats where they play important ecological roles.
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