| 1. |
- Wood, Hannah L., 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of environmental stressors on the early development of the Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus (L.).
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0981. ; 473, s. 35-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The marine environment is changing and becoming less stable as a result of direct (e.g. lower pH) and indirect (e.g. salinity fluctuations from changing rainfall) effects of climate change. The larval stages may be a bottleneck for reproductive success and recruitment, therefore the potential for environmental stressors to impact upon larval recruitment is high; the ability to tolerate environmental stress in early life history is crucial to an individual's overall fitness. This study investigated the effect of hypercapnia and salinity stress on the early life stages of the Norway Lobster Nephrops norvegicus. Sensitivity to hypercapnia was shown to be highly brood specific with large differences in mortality between broods under hypercapnic stress. Furthermore, this environmental stressor was demonstrated to increase the energetic demand on the larvae, which could potentially have a negative effect later in development. Salinity stress experiments were not designed to test brood specific effects but did demonstrate increased energy usage (higher MR and lower weight) under salinity stress. Although the larvae were tolerant to present levels of salinity stress future changes in this stressor may alter species distribution. This study demonstrated that environmental stressors have the potential to have a large effect on future recruitment. Further, future studies need to consider mechanisms that affect an individual's tolerance from conception, such as epigenetics, maternal provisioning and genetic factors, to determine what makes some individuals tolerant where others are not.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Styf, Hannah K, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Embryonic response to long-term exposure of the marine crustacean Nephrops norvegicus to ocean acidification and elevated temperature
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 3:15, s. 5055-5065
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions, our oceans have gradually become warmer and more acidic. To better understand the consequences of this, there is a need for long-term (months) and multistressor experiments. Earlier research demonstrates that the effects of global climate change are specific to species and life stages. We exposed berried Norway lobsters (Nephrops norvegicus), during 4 months to the combination of six ecologically relevant temperatures (5–18°C) and reduced pH (by 0.4 units). Embryonic responses were investigated by quantifying proxies for development rate and fitness including: % yolk consumption, mean heart rate, rate of oxygen consumption, and oxidative stress. We found no interactions between temperature and pH, and reduced pH only affected the level of oxidative stress significantly, with a higher level of oxidative stress in the controls. Increased temperature and % yolk consumed had positive effects on all parameters except on oxidative stress, which did not change in response to temperature. There was a difference in development rate between the ranges of 5–10°C (Q10: 5.4) and 10–18°C (Q10: 2.9), implicating a thermal break point at 10°C or below. No thermal limit to a further increased development rate was found. The insensitivity of N. norvegicus embryos to low pH might be explained by adaptation to a pH-reduced external habitat and/or internal hypercapnia during incubation. Our results thus indicate that this species would benefit from global warming and be able to withstand the predicted decrease in ocean pH in the next century during their earliest life stages. However, future studies need to combine low pH and elevated temperature treatments with hypoxia as hypoxic events are frequently and increasingly occurring in the habitat of benthic species.
|
|
