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- Gul, E., et al.
(författare)
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Perspectives and state of the art in producing solar fuels and chemicals from CO2
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Technology for the Conversion of Waste into Fuels and Chemicals: Volume 2: Chemical Processes. - : Elsevier. - 9780323901505 ; , s. 181-219
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Solar Fuels and chemicals from CO2 can be produced through two main reactions: one is CO2 photoreduction, using different catalysts and different reducing agents; the other is CO2 fixation, which is usually performed through natural photosynthesis. The research nowadays is directed on the production of fuels and chemicals with one or two atoms of carbon, for example CH4, CO, HCOOH, HCHO, CH3OH, C2H5OH, etc. The chapter aims at comparing natural photosynthesis processes and reactions with artificial photosynthesis. After taking into consideration the natural photosynthetic process, the chapter focuses on heterogeneous and homogeneous photocatalysis. Heterogeneous catalysis can be performed with semiconductors and powder catalysts. Special attention is given to TiO2 as a promising photocatalyst. Homogeneous photocatalysts are usually represented by molecular catalysts, which are dissolved in water or another solvent. Usually, homogeneous photocatalysis is performed in complex systems which are composed by: a light harvesting unit (LHU) (i.e. the photosensitizer); one catalytic site for the oxidation process, where the electrons are supplied by a sacrificial donor; one reduction site, where the electrons are transmitted to CO2. Finally, even more complex systems are represented by those based on photoelectrocatalysis. These have the main advantage to separate the oxidation and reduction reactions at the two different electrodes of the system. In principle photoelectrochemical cells can be a way to mimic artificially the working principle of natural photosynthesis.
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- Shanmuga Rajan, K., et al.
(författare)
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Abundant and Altered Expression of PIWI-Interacting RNAs during Cardiac Hypertrophy
- 2016
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Ingår i: Heart, Lung and Circulation. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1443-9506 .- 1444-2892. ; 25:10, s. 1013-1020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The discovery of PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) has fundamentally changed our understanding of post transcriptional regulation of transposons and other genes. Unlike miRNA and siRNA, the piRNAs are the most abundant but least studied RNA species in mammals. Although the expression of PIWI proteins and piRNAs has long been regarded as germline specific, increasing evidences suggest the expression of piRNAs in somatic cells. Methods In this study, the small RNA sequencing executed during induction of cardiac hypertrophy in both in vivo and in vitro conditions were annotated for the expression of piRNAs. The expression of piRNAs was validated by qPCR and RNA immunoprecipitation. In addition, the presence of piRNAs in circulation of myocardial infarction patients was studied by qPCR. Results We identified an abundant and altered expression of piRNAs during cardiac hypertrophy. The differentially expressed piRNAs was validated by qPCR and RNA immunoprecipitation. The significantly and differentially expressed piRNAs were predicted to target different retrotransposons and mRNAs in the rat genome. The detection of specific piRNA in serum of myocardial infarction patients suggests the potential of piRNA for diagnosis. Conclusion Overall this study is the first to provide a whole-genome analysis of the large repertoire of piRNAs in the cardiac system and this would pave a new path to understanding the molecular aetiology of piRNA and retrotransposons in the physiology and pathology of the cardiac system.
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