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- Kujawa, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Structural basis for substrate binding and regioselective oxidation of monosaccharides at C3 by pyranose 2-oxidase
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 281:46, s. 35104-35115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pyranose2-oxidase(P2Ox) participates in fungal lignin degradation by producing the H2O2 needed for lignin-degrading peroxidases. The enzyme oxidizes cellulose- and hemicellulose-derived aldopyranoses at C2 preferentially, but also on C3, to the corresponding ketoaldoses. To investigate the structural determinants of catalysis, covalent flavinylation, substrate binding, and regios-electivity, wild-type and mutant P2Ox enzymes were produced and characterized biochemically and structurally. Removal of the histidyl-FAD linkage resulted in a catalytically competent enzyme containing tightly, but noncovalently bound FAD. This mutant (H167A) is characterized by a 5-fold lower k(cat), and a 35-mV lower redox potential, although no significant structural changes were seen in its crystal structure. In previous structures of P2Ox, the substrate loop (residues 452-457) covering the active site has been either disordered or in a conformation incompatible with carbohydrate binding. We present here the crystal structure of H167A in complex with a slow substrate, 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Based on the details of 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose binding in position for oxidation at C3, we also outline a probable binding mode for D-glucose positioned for regioselective oxidation at C2. The tentative determinant for discriminating between the two binding modes is the position of the O6 hydroxyl group, which in the C2-oxidation mode can make favorable interactions with Asp(452) in the substrate loop and, possibly, a nearby arginine residue (Arg(472)). We also substantiate our hypothesis with steady-state kinetics data for the alanine replacements of Asp(452) and Arg(472) as well as the double alanine 452/472 mutant.
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| 2. |
- Pitsawong, Warintra, et al.
(författare)
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A Conserved Active-site Threonine Is Important for Both Sugar and Flavin Oxidations of Pyranose 2-Oxidase
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 285:13, s. 9697-9705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pyranose 2-oxidase (P2O) catalyzes the oxidation by O-2 of D-glucose and several aldopyranoses to yield the 2-ketoaldoses and H2O2. Based on crystal structures, in one rotamer conformation, the threonine hydroxyl of Thr(169) forms H-bonds to the flavin-N5/O4 locus, whereas, in a different rotamer, it may interact with either sugar or other parts of the P2O center dot sugar complex. Transient kinetics of wild-type (WT) and Thr(169)-> S/N/G/A replacement variants show that D-Glc binds to T169S, T169N, and WT with the same K-d (45-47 mM), and the hydride transfer rate constants (k(red)) are similar (15.3-9.7 s(-1) at 4 degrees C). k(red) of T169G with D-glucose (0.7 s(-1), 4 degrees C) is significantly less than that of WT but not as severely affected as in T169A (k(red) of 0.03 s(-1) at 25 degrees C). Transient kinetics of WT and mutants using D-galactose show that P2O binds D-galactose with a one-step binding process, different from binding of D- glucose. In T169S, T169N, and T169G, the overall turnover with D- Gal is faster than that of WT due to an increase of kred. In the crystal structure of T169S, Ser(169) O gamma assumes a position identical to that of O gamma 1 in Thr(169); in T169G, solvent molecules may be able to rescue H-bonding. Our data suggest that a competent reductive half-reaction requires a side chain at position 169 that is able to form an H-bond within the ES complex. During the oxidative half-reaction, all mutants failed to stabilize a C4a-hydroperoxyflavin intermediate, thus suggesting that the precise position and geometry of the Thr(169) side chain are required for intermediate stabilization.
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