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| 2. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 3. |
- Dai, Cheng-ren, et al.
(författare)
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Composition and temperature dependence of alpha(2) phase decomposition in high Nb-containing lamellar gamma-TiAl alloys : Experiments and first-principles calculations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 221, s. 117419-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports an experimental and theoretical study of composition and temperature dependence of alpha(2) phase decomposition in lamellar gamma-Ti -(43 similar to 47)Al-(4 similar to 10)Nb alloys. The alpha(2) phase decomposes to nano-sized orthorhombic (O) phase in the alloys (the Nb content >= 5.5 at.%) at temperatures of 550 similar to 750 degrees C. The transformation temperature decreases with increasing the Al content, but increases with increasing the Nb content. The Nb partitioning coefficient between O and alpha(2) typically equals to 2, and decreases with increasing the Al content and temperature, confirming that the O phase transformation is controlled by Nb diffusion. The alpha(2) to omega(0) phase transformation takes place in the alloys (the Nb content > 7 at.%) at 800 degrees C. The blocky omega(0) phase is enriched in Nb and the Nb partitioning coefficient between omega(0) and alpha(2) is about 1.3, indicating that the omega(0) phase transformation is also related to Nb diffusion. The pseudo-binary phase diagram calculated by first-principles correctly predicts the alpha(2) to O phase transformation at temperature below 750 degrees C and alpha(2) to omega(0) phase transformation at temperature above 750 degrees C in the alloys. Since the alpha(2) phase is unstable thermodynamically at intermediate temperature, such kinds of alpha(2) to O and omega(0) phase transformations are considered necessarily for design of high Nb-containing gamma-TiAl alloys.
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| 4. |
- Jiang, Biao, et al.
(författare)
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Robust Capon estimator for the nominal DOAs and angular spreads of distributed sources
- 2005
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Ingår i: 2005 International Conference on Communications, Circuits, and Systems. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel and low complexity estimator based on Capon's minimum variance beamforming method is proposed for the estimation of the nominal (centre) directions of arrival (DOA) and angular spreads of distributed sources. A more reliable array response vector instead of the standard steering vector is put forward according to the incoherently distributed (ID) source model, by which the spread Capon spectrum is obtained. Considering the model mismatch between the new steering vector and the true one, we estimate the parameters not by making the trace of the Capon spectrum matrix minimization but, making the corresponding Frobenius norm minimization. Only a two-dimensional search method is required to optimize the estimates of the nominal angles and angular spreads, so the proposed method is computationally efficient. Numerical results demonstrated its excellent performance in the low SNR case and verified its robustness against some other methods.
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| 5. |
- Li, Suyang, et al.
(författare)
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Highly homogeneous bimetallic core-shell Au@Ag nanoparticles with embedded internal standard fabrication using a microreactor for reliable quantitative SERS detection
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials Chemistry Frontiers. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2052-1537. ; 7:6, s. 1100-1109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bimetallic gold core-silver shell (Au@Ag) surface-enhanced Raman scattering tags draw broad interest in the fields of biological and environmental analyses. Herein, an efficient hybrid microfluidic chip was designed to prepare uniform Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles, and DTNB was used as the internal standard tag molecule to prepare Au@DTNB@Ag for SERS detection. Homogeneous core-shell nanoparticles with a particle size of 90 nm were prepared by mixing a silver precursor and a gold core in a microfluidic chip. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the particle size distribution was close to 10%, and the detection limit of 4-MBA was as low as 10-10 M. In order to solve the influence of SERS signal fluctuation, a uniform Au@DTNB@Ag core-molecule-shell structure was synthesized in a microfluidic chip, and the characteristic peak of the analyte was corrected by the relative intensity of the DTNB characteristic peak (1335 cm−1). The experimental results showed that the SERS detection was achieved with high reproducibility, and the SERS peak intensity had a good linear correlation with the concentration. The homogeneous SERS substrate prepared using a microfluidic chip has potential for sensitive and reliable detection of environmental chemical contaminants.
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| 6. |
- Li, Suyang, et al.
(författare)
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One-pot fabrication of Mo1-xWxS2 alloy nanosheets as SERS substrates with highly Raman enhancement effect and long-term stability
- 2022
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Ingår i: Spectrochimica Acta Part A - Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-1425 .- 1873-3557. ; 279, s. 121465-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new Mo1-xWxS2 two-dimensional nanosheets were prepared by the one-pot method. After certain Mo atoms in MoS2 were replaced by W ones in a hydrothermal reduction procedure, Mo1-xWxS2 was formed on the Mo foil. Well enhanced Mo1-xWxS2 nanosheets were prepared when the sodium tungstate concentration got under control. Various characterizations were carried out, which indicate that Mo1-xWxS2 nanosheets with good crystallinity. Compared with MoS2, the Raman intensity of Rhodamine 6G (10-6 M) was amplified by 1.7 times with Mo1-xWxS2 nanosheets as the substrate. The characteristic Raman peaks could still be clearly distinguished until the concentration of Rhodamine 6G (R6G), Methylene blue (MB) and Crystal violet (CV) down to 10-8, 10-8 and 10- 7 M, respectively. With abundant edge active sites that facilitate charge transfer, Mo1-xWxS2 nanosheets could better enhance SERS signals of target detection molecules and get a good linear relationship exists within the concentration and Raman peak strength. In addition, R6G SERS detection also shows excellent reproducibility and long-term stability of this TMDs SERS substrate.
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| 7. |
- Lin, Wenwei, et al.
(författare)
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Rotation-invariant descriptors learned with circulant convolution neural networks
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 IEEE 35th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI). - : IEEE. - 9798350342734 - 9798350342741 ; , s. 415-422
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracting local features for accurate correspondences between image pairs is an essential basis for various computer vision tasks. Recent works have shown that deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated promising performance in challenging environments. However, these state-of-the-art DNN-based approaches are not well suited for the scenario with geometry rotations due to their intrinsic deficiencies of square kernel structure. That is, square kernel structures in standard DNNs cannot fully identify the essentials of the rotations in geometry. To address this problem, we present RICNN, a novel deep learning framework that encodes invariance against the rotations in geometry explicitly into convolutional neural networks. Rather than using the square-shaped kernel structure, RICNN adopts sectorshaped convolutional kernels to achieve encoding invariance in all rotations. With the explicitness of such rotation encoding, RICNN enables the transfer of perspective DNN models to obtain rotation-invariant descriptions. Furthermore, we propose a novel multi-level hinge triplet loss function to strengthen the matching constraints against geometry rotations. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the strong generalization ability of the RICNN descriptor on the HPatches dataset. Toward the rotation invariance evaluation, our method shows state-of-the-art results.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Men, Yong-Biao, et al.
(författare)
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Rational Construction of 2D and 3D Borromean Arrayed Organic Crystals by Hydrogen Bonds Directed Self-Assembly
- 2009
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 48:16, s. 2873-2876
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Borromean system, which contains nontrivial three ring links (no ring is interlocked to another without the help of the third one), is a very intriguing pattern of crystal entanglements, because of the topological complexity, structural integrity, and aesthetic beauty. Herein we report the rational construction of Borromean three-fold 2D-2D entangled layers and n-Borromean 2D-3D entangled infinite layers with pure organic supramolecular synthons based on hydrogen-bond-directed self assembly.
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