| 1. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
-
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
|
|
| 2. |
-
- 2019
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 3. |
- Zhang, Huai, et al.
(författare)
-
A global survey on the use of the international classification of diseases codes for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Hepatology international. - 1936-0541.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the implementation of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the publication of the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) nomenclature in 2020, it is important to establish consensus for the coding of MAFLD in ICD-11. This will inform subsequent revisions of ICD-11.Using the Qualtrics XM and WJX platforms, questionnaires were sent online to MAFLD-ICD-11 coding collaborators, authors of papers, and relevant association members.A total of 890 international experts in various fields from 61 countries responded to the survey. We also achieved full coverage of provincial-level administrative regions in China. 77.1% of respondents agreed that MAFLD should be represented in ICD-11 by updating NAFLD, with no significant regional differences (77.3% in Asia and 76.6% in non-Asia, p=0.819). Over 80% of respondents agreed or somewhat agreed with the need to assign specific codes for progressive stages of MAFLD (i.e. steatohepatitis) (92.2%), MAFLD combined with comorbidities (84.1%), or MAFLD subtypes (i.e., lean, overweight/obese, and diabetic) (86.1%).This global survey by a collaborative panel of clinical, coding, health management and policy experts, indicates agreement that MAFLD should be coded in ICD-11. The data serves as a foundation for corresponding adjustments in the ICD-11 revision.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bhat, Goutam, et al.
(författare)
-
NTIRE 2022 Burst Super-Resolution Challenge
- 2022
-
Ingår i: 2022 IEEE/CVF CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOPS (CVPRW 2022). - : IEEE. - 9781665487399 - 9781665487405 ; , s. 1040-1060
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Burst super-resolution has received increased attention in recent years due to its applications in mobile photography. By merging information from multiple shifted images of a scene, burst super-resolution aims to recover details which otherwise cannot be obtained using a simple input image. This paper reviews the NTIRE 2022 challenge on burst super-resolution. In the challenge, the participants were tasked with generating a clean RGB image with 4x higher resolution, given a RAW noisy burst as input. That is, the methods need to perform joint denoising, demosaicking, and super-resolution. The challenge consisted of 2 tracks. Track 1 employed synthetic data, where pixel-accurate high-resolution ground truths are available. Track 2 on the other hand used real-world bursts captured from a handheld camera, along with approximately aligned reference images captured using a DSLR. 14 teams participated in the final testing phase. The top performing methods establish a new state-of-the-art on the burst super-resolution task.
|
|
| 5. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
-
The Sixth Visual Object Tracking VOT2018 Challenge Results
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Computer Vision – ECCV 2018 Workshops. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030110086 - 9783030110093 ; , s. 3-53
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2018 is the sixth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of over eighty trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis and a “real-time” experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. A long-term tracking subchallenge has been introduced to the set of standard VOT sub-challenges. The new subchallenge focuses on long-term tracking properties, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. A new dataset has been compiled and a performance evaluation methodology that focuses on long-term tracking capabilities has been adopted. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term and the new long-term tracking subchallenges. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
|
|
| 6. |
- Cai, Yumeng, et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of Gate-Oxide Degradation Location for SiC MOSFETs Based on the Split C-V Method Under Bias Temperature Instability Conditions
- 2023
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on power electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0885-8993 .- 1941-0107. ; 38:5, s. 6081-6093
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gate-oxide degradation has been one of the major reliability challenges of SiC mosfets. Comprehensive and accurate localization of gate-oxide degradation under bias temperature instability (BTI) conditions is important to improve the device reliability. The split C-V [gate-source capacitance C-GS (v(G)) and gate-drain capacitance C-GD (v(G))] method is proposed in this article to locate gate-oxide degradation. Moreover, a BTI automated characterization system integrated I-V and split C-V test is presented. The effect of gate-oxide degradation on threshold voltage and split C-V under dc and ac BTI conditions is investigated and the degradation location is analyzed. Furthermore, the degradation simulation is conducted with technology computer aided design (TCAD) to reveal the mechanism. The results show that the different parts of split C-V can characterize degradation location, the type, and energy level of traps. The acceptor traps near valence band and donor traps near conduction band cause gate-oxide degradation above the channel and junction field effect transistor (JFET) region in positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) and Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI), respectively. In ac BTI, the gate-oxide degradation at the channel region is independent of v(G) polarity, while the opposite is true above JFET region. These findings help to improve the long-term operation reliability of gate oxide from the perspective of chip design and application.
|
|
| 7. |
- Chen, Cheng, et al.
(författare)
-
Cu(II) Complexes as p-Type Dopants in Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
- 2017
-
Ingår i: ACS Energy Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2380-8195. ; 2:2, s. 497-503
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, two Cu(II) complex compounds are designed and synthesized for applications as p-type dopants in solid-state perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Through the characterization of the optical and electrochemical properties, the complex Cu(bpcm)(2) is shown to be eligible for oxidization of the commonly used hole-transport material (HTM) SpiroOMeTAD. The reason is the electron-withdrawing effect of the chloride groups on the ligands. When the complex was applied as p-type dopant in PSCs containing Spiro-OMeTAD as HTM, an efficiency as high as 18.5% was achieved. This is the first time a Cu(II) pyridine complex has been used as p-type dopant in PSCs.
|
|
| 8. |
- Chen, Fei'er, et al.
(författare)
-
The effects of PM2.5 on asthmatic and allergic diseases or symptoms in preschool children of six Chinese cities, based on China, Children, Homes and Health (CCHH) project
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 232, s. 329-337
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The urbanization and industrialization in China is accompanied by bad air quality, and the prevalence of asthma in Chinese children has been increasing in recent years. To investigate the associations between ambient PM2.5 levels and asthmatic and allergic diseases or symptoms in preschool children in China, we assigned PM2.5 exposure data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project to 205 kindergartens at a spatial resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° in six cities in China (Shanghai, Nanjing, Chongqing, Changsha, Urumqi, and Taiyuan). A hierarchical multiple logistical regression model was applied to analyze the associations between kindergarten-level PM2.5 exposure and individual-level outcomes of asthmatic and allergic symptoms. The individual-level variables, including gender, age, family history of asthma and allergic diseases, breastfeeding, parental smoking, indoor dampness, interior decoration pollution, household annual income, and city-level variable-annual temperature were adjusted. A total of 30,759 children (average age 4.6 years, 51.7% boys) were enrolled in this study. Apart from family history, indoor dampness, and decoration as predominant risk factors, we found that an increase of 10 μg/m3 of the annual PM2.5 was positively associated with the prevalence of allergic rhinitis by an odds ratio (OR) of 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11, 1.29) and diagnosed asthma by OR of 1.10 (95% CI 1.03, 1.18). Those who lived in non-urban (vs. urban) areas were exposed to more severe indoor air pollution arising from biomass combustion and had significantly higher ORs between PM2.5 and allergic rhinitis and current rhinitis. Our study suggested that long-term exposure to PM2.5 might increase the risks of asthmatic and allergic diseases or symptoms in preschool children in China. Compared to those living in urban areas, children living in suburban or rural areas had a higher risk of PM2.5 exposure.
|
|
| 9. |
- Chen, Fei-Jian, et al.
(författare)
-
Structure-direction towards the new large pore zeolite NUD-3
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1359-7345 .- 1364-548X. ; 57:2, s. 191-194
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new zeolite NUD-3 possesses a three-dimensional system of large pore channels that is topologically identical to those of ITQ-21 and PKU-14. However, the three zeolites have distinctly different frameworks: a particular single 4-membered ring inside the denser portion of the zeolite is missing in PKU-14, disordered in ITQ-21 and fully ordered in NUD-3. We document these differences and use molecular simulations to unravel the mechanism by which a particular structure directing agent dication, 1,1′-(1,2-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(3-methylimidazolium), is able to orient this inner ring.
|
|
| 10. |
- Chen, Hong, et al.
(författare)
-
PKU-3 : An HCI-Inclusive Aluminoborate for Strecker Reaction Solved by Combining RED and PXRD
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 137:22, s. 7047-7050
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel microporous aluminoborate, denoted as PKU-3, was prepared by the boric acid flux method. The structure of PKU-3 was determined by combining the rotation electron diffraction and synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data with well resolved ordered Cl- ions in the channel. Composition and crystal structure analysis showed that there are both proton and chlorine ions in the channels. Part of these protons and chlorine ions can be washed away by basic solutions to activate the open pores. The washed PKU-3 can be used as an efficient catalyst in the Strecker reaction with yields higher than 90%.
|
|
