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- Billström, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Solstad, a Co-Se-bearing copper ore in the Västervik quartzites, Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: GFF. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-5897 .- 2000-0863. ; 144:3-4, s. 156-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Solstad copper deposit, located in SE Sweden, is hosted by a quartz-rich rock sliver surrounded by a granite belonging to the 1.8 Ga Transscandinavian Igneous Belt. Ore petrographic studies have revealed a number of previously unrecognized opaque phases, including several Co phases, selenides and tellurides. Based on an in situ U-Pb investigation of zircons from a mineralized sample, it is suggested that zircons have a detrital origin and that the quartz-rich host rock is a xenolith belonging to the c. 1.88–1.86 Ga Västervik quartzite formation. A low-radiogenic galena sample implies that the source for the metals in the ore has a primitive origin, probably the basaltic lavas (now amphibolites) that are intercalated in the Västervik quartzite. Fluid inclusion studies in quartz distinguish four distinct ore fluids: (1) a hypersaline halite-bearing aqueous fluid related to an early (1.85–1.86 Ga) chalcopyrite depositional stage, (2) a subsequent CO2-rich fluid, that deposited native gold, tellurides, selenides and bismuthinite, developed (at ≥1.8 Ga) as a result of a phase separation, (3), a moderate- to high-salinity aqueous fluid did also develop at this event and led to the deposition of bornite and (4) a concluding, low-salinity aqueous fluid stage (at ≤1.8 Ga) caused oxidation to covelline and digenite of previously formed phases. It is proposed that the Solstad deposit and other Cu ± Co-rich sulphide (± magnetite) occurrences in the Västervik region along the southernmost margin of the 1.9–1.8 Ga Svecofennian Domain, represent a distinct ore type associated with quartzites and amphibolites.
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| 4. |
- Sundblad, Krister, et al.
(författare)
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The Precambrian of Gotland, a key for understanding the Proterozoic evolution in southern Fennoscandia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Precambrian Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-9268 .- 1872-7433. ; 363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gotland is an island in the central part of the Baltic Sea, with up to 800 m Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks on top of a Precambrian basement belonging to the East European Craton. In this contribution, two major ductile deformation zones (Lickershamn - Östergarn and Lilla Karlsö-Ronehamn) are recognized and connected with the Vingåker-Nyköping and Linköping-Loftahammar Deformation Zones in the adjacent Fennoscandian Shield. These deformation zones constitute the borders between three main Precambrian segments that are correlated with crustal units within the Fennoscandian Shield and concealed parts of the East European Craton east of the Baltic Sea.The Fårö-Northern Gotland segment is dominated by continental Jotnian sandstones and Svecofennian metasedimentary rocks, separated from each other by a fault and an associated dolerite dyke. The metasediments show a specific provenance pattern with 3.29 Ga, 2.95–2.63 Ga and 2.11–1.96 Ga sources, devoid of < 1.90 Ga detrital zircons. The Alby granite truncates the metasedimentary rocks of the Fårö-Northern Gotland segment and is part of the 1.58 Ga Riga rapakivi batholith. The Central Gotland segment is dominated by metabasalts and 1.90–1.88 Ga granitoids and is correlated with the Tiveden and Valdemarsvik areas in the Fennoscandian Shield. The amphibolites in the Southern Gotland segment are correlated with 1.87–1.86 Ga metabasalts, intercalated with the Västervik quartzites in the Fennoscandian Shield. They were intruded by TIB 0 granitoids, recognized at Frigsarve and correlated with the Askersund-Loftahammar granitoids in the Fennoscandian Shield. The TIB 0 granitoids on Gotland can also be followed to the east, first to the E6-1 offshore drill hole, 30 km west of the Latvian coast and further east into southwestern Latvia and western Lithuania as a major component in the Mid-Lithuanian Domain. The Kvarne granitoid on southernmost Gotland is correlated with the TIB 1a generation in the Fennoscandian Shield and with granitoids within the Mid-Lithuanian Domain.1.48 Ga small stitching plutons on southern Gotland penetrate the TIB 0 and 1a granitoids and are correlated with the Götemar and Karlshamn plutons in the Fennoscandian Shield and several plutons in western and southern Lithuania.
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