| 1. |
- Abro, Rani, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of chitinolytic activities and membrane integrity in gut tissues of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) fed fish meal and zygomycete biomass.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part B: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-4959 .- 1879-1107. ; 175, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chitinolytic activity, nutrient uptake and intestinal barrier functions were investigated in gut tissues of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) fed iso-nitrogenous diets based on fish meal, with or without inclusion of zygomycetes (Rhizopus oryzae). We found that gut tissue of Arctic charr had significant chitinase activity, of both endo- and exo-chitinase iso-forms. Moreover, the distribution pattern along the GI tract of Arctic charr differed between endo-chitinase and exo-chitinase. The endo-chitinase activity in stomach tissue and in the distal intestine was several hundred-fold higher than the exo-chitinase activity in stomach tissue. The greatest exo-chitinase activity was found in the distal intestine. The zygomycete-based diet resulted in higher chitinolytic activity in gut tissue compared to the fish meal-based diet. Disturbed intestinal integrity and increased uptake rate of the amino acid lysine were observed in the distal, but not proximal, intestine of fish fed the zygomycete-based feed.
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| 2. |
- Albertsson, Eva, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Marin fiskodling på den svenska västkusten: Biologiska förutsättningar : Rapport nummer 1 från Vattenbrukscentrum Väst, Göteborgs universitet
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den av regeringen beställda utredningen ”Det växande Vattenbrukslandet” föreslås att ”Göteborgs universitet (GU) tillförs resurser för att fortsätta att utveckla vattenbruksrelaterad forskning när det gäller musslor, ostron och marina fiskarter”. Därför tog under 2011 företrädare inom den odlingsrelaterade fiskforskningen vid Gö- teborgs universitet initiativet till denna studie om förutsättningarna för marin fiskodling. Studien har syftet att utreda de odlingsbiologiska förutsättningarna för etablering av vattenbruk av marina fiskarter på den svenska västkusten. Målet är att den ska kunna användas som kunskapsunderlag för en framtida handlingsplan för fiskodling på västkusten, och främja kunskapsutbytet mellan den fiskodlingsrelaterade forskningen, beslutsfat- tande organ och privata entreprenörer för att utveckla konkurrenskraftiga innovationer inom vattenbruket. En central fråga för sammanhanget är vilka fiskarter det finns potential för att odla på den svenska västkusten. Vattenbruket måste vara ekonomiskt bärkraftigt och en urvalsmodell baserad på svenska marina fiskarters kg- pris i förhållande till en minsta tänkbara produktionskostnad användes därför i denna studie. Vidare bedöm- des arterna utifrån kunskapsläge och odlingspotential. Arterna hälleflundra, tunga, piggvar, havskatt (vanlig och fläckig) samt lyrtorsk och torsk bedömdes att vara ”kandidatarter” för framtida odling i Sverige. För dessa arter gjordes omfattande studier för att vidare utreda behov och möjligheter. Det gjordes även en analys av de abiotiska faktorerna (vattentemperatur, syrgas- och salthalt) på den svenska västkusten. I en sista del av studien kombinerades kunskapen om kandidatarternas biologiska förutsättningar med västkustens abiotiska faktorer. De abiotiska förhållandena på den svenska västkusten är inte odlingsbiologiskt optimala för traditionell nät- kasseodling för någon av de framtagna kandidatarterna, då för höga sommartemperaturer skapar problem för kallvattensarterna medan varmvattensarterna hämmas av de låga vintertemperaturerna. En av de huvudsak- liga slutsatserna i denna rapport är därför att året-runt-bedriven fiskodling i öppna system, såsom i kustnära nätkassar, knappast är praktiskt genomförbart på den svenska västkusten för de arter som i denna studie i övrigt ansågs ha hög odlingspotential. För etablering av framgångsrika odlingssystem behövs speciella tekniska lösningar, som möjliggör reglering av abiotiska faktorer såsom syrgashalter och temperatur. För att Sverige skall kunna bli ett växande vattenbruksland krävs samordnade insatser mellan forskare från flera discipliner, privata aktörer och andra intressenter. Dessutom krävs satsningar på forskning och utredning av de mera tekniskt avancerade odlingssystem som den svenska västkusten kommer behöva. Med tanke på miljöbelastningsproblematiken kring öppna havsbaserade system för fiskodling samt de abiotiska faktorerna längs västkusten som inte är optimala för någon av kandidatarterna i utredningen, så är slutsatsen att man bör undersöka, alternativa odlingssystem till traditionella öppna nätkassar för fiskodling, där man kan kontrollera faktorer som temperatur, salthalt och syrenivåer och minimera utsläppen. Nästa steg som föreslås är att göra en teknisk/ekonomisk utredning kring hållbara havs- eller landbaserade system för marin fiskodling. Utred- ningen bör innehålla fall-studier för en eller två fiskarter och ett kräftdjur och inkludera en myndighetspröv- ning för de framtagna koncepten. Ytterligare en förutsättning för att vattenbruket skall kunna utvecklas är satsningar på nödvändig infrastruktur, som ett marint kläckeri för forskning och utvecklingsarbete.
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| 3. |
- Bjerkeli, Pernilla J., et al.
(författare)
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Refill Adherence in Relation to Substitution and the Use of Multiple Medications: A Nationwide Population Based Study on New ACE-Inhibitor Users
- 2016
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Generic substitution has contributed to economic savings but switching products may affect patient adherence, particularly among those using multiple medications. The aim was to analyse if use of multiple medications influenced the association between switching products and refill adherence to angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in Sweden. New users of ACE-inhibitors, starting between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007, were identified in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Refill adherence was assessed using the continuous measure of medication acquisition (CMA) and analysed with linear regression and analysis of covariance. The study population included 42735 individuals whereof 51.2% were exposed to switching ACE-inhibitor and 39.6% used multiple medications. Refill adherence was higher among those exposed to switching products than those not, but did not vary depending on the use of multiple medications or among those not. Refill adherence varied with age, educational level, household income, country of birth, previous hospitalisation and previous cardiovascular diagnosis. The results indicate a positive association between refill adherence and switching products, mainly due to generic substitution, among new users of ACE-inhibitors in Sweden. This association was independent of use of multiple medications.
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| 4. |
- Hultqvist, Greta, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Emergence and evolution of an interaction between intrinsically disordered proteins
- 2017
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein-protein interactions involving intrinsically disordered proteins are important for cellular function and common in all organisms. However, it is not clear how such interactions emerge and evolve on a molecular level. We performed phylogenetic reconstruction, resurrection and biophysical characterization of two interacting disordered protein domains, CID and NCBD. CID appeared after the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes 450-600 million years ago, while NCBD was present in the protostome/deuterostome ancestor. The most ancient CID/NCBD formed a relatively weak complex (K(d similar to)5 mu M). At the time of the first vertebrate-specific whole genome duplication, the affinity had increased (K-d\similar to 200 nM) and was maintained in further speciation. Experiments together with molecular modeling using NMR chemical shifts suggest that new interactions involving intrinsically disordered proteins may evolve via a low-affinity complex which is optimized by modulating direct interactions as well as dynamics, while tolerating several potentially disruptive mutations.
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| 5. |
- Jönsson, Anna K, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of refill adherence method when comparing level of adherence for different dosing regimens
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 70:5, s. 589-597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the impact of two methods when estimating refill adherence in patients using bisphosphonates with different dosing regimens. In the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, 18,203 new users of bisphosphonates aged 18-85 years were identified between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and followed for a maximum of 2 years. The patients were categorised based on dosing regimen: one tablet daily, one tablet weekly, switching between these regimens, and other regimens. Refill adherence was estimated with Continuous measure of Medication Acquisition (CMA, adherent if CMA a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand 80 %) and the maximum gap method (adherent if gaps < 45 days). Differences in adherence between patients in the groups were assessed with logistic regression models controlling for confounding factors. The proportion of patients classified as adherent was higher using CMA compared with patients classified as adherent using the maximum gap method. Patients on one tablet weekly had significantly lower adherence compared with patients on one tablet daily in the main analyses of both methods (the maximum gap method: 73 % vs. 80 %; adjusted OR = 0.71; 95 % CI 0.57-0.89 and CMA: 84 % vs. 88 %, adjusted OR = 0.75; 95 % CI 0.57-0.99). Patients using the other two dosing regimens had significantly lower adherence compared with patients on one tablet daily using both methods. Choice of method has an impact on the estimates of refill adherence to bisphosphonates. Patients on one tablet weekly dosing had lower adherence compared with patients on one tablet daily dosing using both methods.
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| 6. |
- Karlsson, O Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Improved affinity at the cost of decreased specificity : a recurring theme in PDZ-peptide interactions.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The E6 protein from human papillomavirus (HPV) plays an important role during productive infection and is a potential drug target. We have previously designed a high affinity bivalent protein binder for the E6 protein, a fusion between a helix from the E6 associated protein and PDZØ9, an engineered variant (L391F/K392M) of the second PDZ domain from synapse associated protein 97 (SAP97 PDZ2). How the substitutions improve the affinity of SAP97 PDZ2 for HPV E6 is not clear and it is not known to what extent they affect the specificity for cellular targets. Here, we explore the specificity of wild type SAP97 PDZ2 and PDZØ9 through proteomic peptide phage display. In addition, we employ a double mutant cycle of SAP97 PDZ2 in which the binding kinetics for nine identified potential cellular peptide ligands are measured and compared with those for the C-terminal E6 peptide. The results demonstrate that PDZØ9 has an increased affinity for all peptides, but at the cost of specificity. Furthermore, there is a peptide dependent coupling free energy between the side chains at positions 391 and 392. This corroborates our previous allosteric model for PDZ domains, involving sampling of intramolecular energetic pathways.
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| 7. |
- Lesén, Eva, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of two methods for estimating refill adherence to statins in Sweden: the RARE project
- 2011
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Ingår i: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. - : John Wiley and Sons. - 1053-8569 .- 1099-1557. ; 20:10, s. 1073-1079
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To analyse and compare refill adherence to statins estimated with two different methods with a focus on sensitivity to definitions. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods Individuals aged 18-85 years who filled a statin prescription for the first time in 1.5 years during 1 January-30 June 2007 were followed until emigration or death or until 2 years after their first statin purchase. The data were collected via linkage between the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, the National Patient Register and the Total Population Register. Days supply was estimated based on amount dispensed and prescribed dosage. Refill adherence was estimated with the continuous measure of medication acquisition (CMA) and the maximum gap method (cut-off 45days). The impact of altering definitions, for example, regarding hospitalisations, length of observation period and management of overlapping supply, was analysed. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults The study included 36661 individuals (mean age 64 years, 47% women). The median proportion of days with statins was 95%, and 76% were classified as adherent with a cut-off at andgt;= 80% with CMA. With the maximum gap method, 65% were adherent. Disregarding hospitalisations did not alter the results. Emigration or death at least one year after statin initiation was associated with a lower adherence with both methods, and a shorter observation period and adding overlapping supply to the subsequent prescription increased the adherence estimates. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions The choice of method and definitions, particularly regarding the management of overlapping supplies and the length of observation period, has a substantial impact on estimates of refill adherence to statins.
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| 8. |
- Lesén, Eva, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Is the level of patient co-payment for medicines associated with refill adherence in Sweden?
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 24:1, s. 85-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Swedish reimbursement scheme, the co-payment is based on the price of the product and decreases in a stepwise manner as the total accumulated co-payment increases. The aim of this study was to analyse how refill adherence in Sweden varies according to patient's co-payment level for medicines, with antiepileptic drug (AED) use as an example.
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| 9. |
- Mårdby, Ann-Charlotte, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Adherence to antidepressants among women and men described with trajectory models : a Swedish longitudinal study
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 72:11, s. 1381-1389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study are to analyse adherence to antidepressant treatment over 2 years in Sweden among women and men who initiated treatment with citalopram and to identify groups at risk of non-adherence using trajectory models. The study population, including individuals 18-85 years who initiated citalopram use between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007, was identified in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and followed for 2 years. Adherence was estimated with continuous measure of medication acquisition (CMA) and group-based trajectory modelling, a method which describes adherence patterns over time by estimating trajectories of adherence and the individual's probability of belonging to a specific trajectory. The study population included 54,248 individuals, 64 % women. Mean CMA was 52 % among women and 50 % among men (p < 0.001). Five different adherence patterns (Trajectories) were identified. Similar proportion of women and men belonged to each Trajectory. Around 29 % of the women and 27 % of the men belonged to the Trajectory which showed full adherence throughout the 2-year study period. The other four Trajectories showed adherence that declined to different degrees and at different stages in time. Having low socioeconomic status was more common among individuals in Trajectories showing declining adherence than in the adherent Trajectory. Using trajectory modelling, five Trajectories describing different patterns of adherence to citalopram treatment over time were identified. A large proportion discontinued treatment early and having low socioeconomic status increased the risk of being non-adherent.
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| 10. |
- Nilsen, Tom Ole, et al.
(författare)
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EFFECTS OF ANDROGENS AND CORTISOL ON GILL ION TRANSPORTERS AND OMSMOREGULATORY CAPACITY IN ATLANTIC SALMON (SALMO SALAR)
- 2014
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Ingår i: ICBF 2014, Edinburgh.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sex steroids have been reported to compromise ion homeostasis in teleosts, yet there is limited and somewhat contradicting knowledge about the mechanisms through which androgens impact osmoregulatory capacity in salmonids. Immature Atlantic salmon post-smolts in seawater (SW) were injected with 11-ketoandrostenedione (OA; 25 µg/g BW), cortisol (F; 25 µg/g BW), F+OA (25 µg/g BW) and sham control (CON). After 8 days treatment, androgen treated fishdemonstrated a striking transcriptional increase in freshwater (FW)-type of ion transporters (NKA α1a ) , concurrent with no apparent ion perturbations, or down regulation of SW gill ion-transporters (NKA α1b). F treated post-smolts displayed increased gill NKA α1a transcription, with an additive effect of F+OA.. Moreover, F also resulted in decreased transcription of NKA α1b whilst fish treated with combinations of F and OA experienced severe ion perturbations and mortalities in SW, while no mortality occurred when only F was administered. Our findings suggests that androgens have, either directly or indirectly, a role in remodelling the gill epithelia for FW entry, rather than leading to osmoregulatory dysfunction in SW acclimated post-smolts. Moreover, maturing post-smolts may be sensitive to stress since combinations of elevated androgens and cortisol levels may have detrimental effects on homeostasis and fish welfare.
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