| 1. |
- Sababi, Majid, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of polyaniline and ceria nanoparticle additives on corrosion protection of a UV-cure coating on carbon steel
- 2014
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Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 84, s. 189-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Influence of a few percents additives of polyaniline doped with phosphoric acid (PAni-PA) and ceria nanoparticle on corrosion protection of a new ultraviolet (UV)-cure polyester acrylate coating have been studied for coil coating on carbon steel by electrochemical measurements during exposure to a NaCl solution. The results demonstrate that the presence of ceria nanoparticles improves the barrier property and stability of the coating. Adding the PAni-PA results in active corrosion protection for carbon steel due to passivation of the steel, and the combination of both additives greatly enhances the protection property over that of the coating matrix alone.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Jafarzadeh, Shadi, et al.
(författare)
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Active corrosion protection by conductive composites of polyaniline in a UV-cured polyester acrylate coating
- 2016
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Ingår i: Progress in organic coatings. - : Elsevier. - 0300-9440 .- 1873-331X. ; 90, s. 154-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polyaniline doped with phosphoric acid (PANI-PA) was synthesized and characterized by impedance and Raman spectroscopy. Exposure to UV-light resulted in a slight decrease in the PANI's electrical conductivity and no significant change in the oxidation state (of an emeraldine salt). Composite coatings containing 0, 1, 3 and 5 wt.% PANI-PA in a UV-curable polyester acrylate (PEA) resin were prepared and applied on polished carbon steel. Closely packed PANI-PA particles of several tens of nanometers were observed inside the composite coating by scanning electron microscopy, and a connected conductive network across the film was detected by Peak Force TUNA atomic force microscopy. The evolution of open circuit potential and impedance data during long-term exposure to 3 wt.% NaCl electrolyte revealed that the short-term barrier-type corrosion protection provided by the insulating PEA coating can be turned into a long-term and active protection by addition of as little as 1 wt.% PANI-PA to the formulation. Stable ennoblement in the corrosive media was observed for the coatings containing conducting polymer up to 3 wt.%. However, higher content of PANI-PA (5 wt.%) led to poorer protective properties, probably due to the hydrophilicity of PANI-PA facilitating water transport in the coating and the presence of potentially weaker spots in the film. An iron oxide layer was found to fully cover the metal surface beneath the coatings containing PANI-PA after final failure observed by electrochemical testing.
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| 4. |
- Jafarzadeh, Shadi, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoscale Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics of Conductive Polyaniline Network in Polymer Composite Films
- 2014
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 6:21, s. 19168-19175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence and characteristics of a connected network of polyaniline (PANI) within a composite coating based on polyester acrylate (PEA) has been investigated. The bulk electrical conductivity of the composite was measured by impedance spectroscopy. It was found that the composite films containing PANI have an electrical conductivity level in the range of semiconductors (order of 10–3 S cm–1), which suggests the presence of a connected network of the conductive phase. The nanoscopic distribution of such a network within the cured film was characterized by PeakForce tunneling atomic force microscopy (AFM). This method simultaneously provides local information about surface topography and nanomechanical properties, together with electrical conductivity arising from conductive paths connecting the metallic substrate to the surface of the coating. The data demonstrates that a PEA-rich layer exists at the composite–air interface, which hinders the conductive phase to be fully detected at the surface layer. However, by exposing the internal structure of the composites using a microtome, a much higher population of a conductive network of PANI, with higher elastic modulus than the PEA matrix, was observed and characterized. Local current–voltage (I–V) spectroscopy was utilized to investigate the conduction mechanism within the nanocomposite films, and revealed non-Ohmic characteristics of the conductive network.
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| 5. |
- Jafarzadeh, Shadi, et al.
(författare)
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Toward Homogeneous Nanostructured Polyaniline/Resin Blends
- 2011
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 3:5, s. 1681-1691
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The high interest in applications of conducting polymers, especially polyaniline (PANI), makes it important to overcome limitations for effective usage due to poor processability and solubility. One promising approach is to make blends of PANT in polymeric resins. However, in this approach other problems related to the difficulty of achieving a homogeneous PANI dispersion arise. The present article is focused on this general problem, and we discuss how the synthesis method, choice of dopant and solvent as well as interfacial energies influence the dispersibility. For this purpose, different synthesis methods and dopants have been employed to prepare nanostructures of polyaniline. Dynamic light scattering analysis of dispersions of the synthesized particles in several solvents was employed in order to understand how the choice of solvent affects PANT aggregation. Further information on this subject was achieved by scanning electron microscopy studies of PANT powders dried from various solutions. On the basis of these results, acetone was found to be a suitable dispersion medium for PANI. The polymer matrix used to make the blends in this work is a UV-curing solvent-free resin. Therefore, there is no low molecular weight liquid in the system to facilitate the mixing process and promote formation of homogeneous dispersions. Thus, a good compatibility of the components becomes crucial. For this reason, surface tension and contact angle measurements were utilized for characterizing the surface energy of the PANI particles and the polyester acrylate (PEA) resin, and also for calculating the interfacial energy between these two components that revealed good compatibility within the PANI/PEA blend. A novel technique, based on centrifugal sedimentation analysis, was employed in order to determine the PANT particle size in PEA resin, and high dispersion stability of the PANI/PEA blends was suggested by evaluation of the sedimentation data.
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| 6. |
- Wärnheim, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Nanomechanical and nano-FTIR analysis of polyester coil coatings before and after artificial weathering experiments
- 2024
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Ingår i: Progress in organic coatings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9440 .- 1873-331X. ; 190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local heterogeneities can have significant effects on the performance of anti-corrosion coatings. Even small features can act as initiation points for damage and result in corrosion of the substrate material. Analysis methods with high spatial resolution and the ability to collect information relevant to crosslinking and degradation behavior of these coatings are therefore highly relevant. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of nanomechanical AFM measurements and nano-FTIR in investigating the nanoscale mechanical and chemical properties of two polyester coil coating clearcoats before and after weathering. On the nanoscale, weathering led to a stiffer and less deformable coating with less variation in the nanomechanical properties. Chemical degradation was quantified using changes in band ratios in the IR-spectra. Macro and nano-scale measurements showed similar trends with the latter measurements showing larger heterogeneity. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of the described analysis techniques and will pave the way for future studies of local properties in other coating systems and formulations.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Brijs, J., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and severity of cardiac abnormalities and arteriosclerosis in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0044-8486 .- 1873-5622. ; 526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiovascular disease may pose a major threat to the health and welfare of farmed fish. By investigating a range of established cardiovascular disease indicators, we aimed to determine the prevalence, severity and consequences of this affliction in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from an open cage farm in the Baltic Sea, an open cage farm in a freshwater lake, and a land-based recirculating aquaculture system. We also aimed to identify environmental, anthropogenic and physiological factors contributing towards the development of the disease. The majority of trout possessed enlarged hearts with rounded ventricles (mean height:width ratios of 1.0–1.1 c.f. ~1.3 in wild fish) and a high degree of vessel misalignment (mean angles between the longitudinal ventricular axis and the axis of the bulbus arteriosus of 28–31 °c.f. ~23° in wild fish). The prevalence and severity of coronary arteriosclerosis was also high, as 92–100% of fish from the different aquaculture facilities exhibited coronary lesions. Mean lesion incidence and severity indices were 67–95% and 3.1–3.9, respectively, which resulted in mean coronary arterial blockages of 19–32%. To evaluate the functional significance of these findings, we modelled the effects of arterial blockages on coronary blood flow and experimentally tested the effects of coronary occlusion in a sub-sample of fish. The observed coronary blockages were estimated to reduce coronary blood flow by 34–54% while experimental coronary occlusion adversely affected the electrocardiogram of trout. Across a range of environmental (water current, predation), anthropogenic (boat traffic intensity, hatchery of origin, brand of feed pellets) and physiological factors (condition factor, haematological and plasma indices), the hatchery of origin was the main factor contributing towards the observed variation in the development of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, further research on the effects of selective breeding programs and rearing strategies on the development of cardiovascular disease is needed to improve the welfare and health of farmed fish. © 2020 The Authors
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