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- Alves, R. N., et al.
(författare)
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Structural and functional maturation of skin during metamorphosis in the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 372:3, s. 469-492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To establish if the developmental changes in the primary barrier and osmoregulatory capacity of Atlantic halibut skin are modified during metamorphosis, histological, histochemical, gene expression and electrophysiological measurements were made. The morphology of the ocular and abocular skin started to diverge during the metamorphic climax and ocular skin appeared thicker and more stratified. Neutral mucins were the main glycoproteins produced by the goblet cells in skin during metamorphosis. Moreover, the number of goblet cells producing neutral mucins increased during metamorphosis and asymmetry in their abundance was observed between ocular and abocular skin. The increase in goblet cell number and their asymmetric abundance in skin was concomitant with the period that thyroid hormones (THs) increase and suggests that they may be under the control of these hormones. Several mucin transcripts were identified in metamorphosing halibut transcriptomes and Muc18 and Muc5AC were characteristic of the body skin. Na+, K+-ATPase positive (NKA) cells were observed in skin of all metamorphic stages but their number significantly decreased with the onset of metamorphosis. No asymmetry was observed between ocular and abocular skin in NKA cells. The morphological changes observed were linked to modified skin barrier function as revealed by modifications in its electrophysiological properties. However, the maturation of the skin functional characteristics preceded structural maturation and occurred at stage 8 prior to the metamorphic climax. Treatment of Atlantic halibut with the THs disrupter methimazole (MMI) affected the number of goblet cells producing neutral mucins and the NKA cells. The present study reveals that the asymmetric development of the skin in Atlantic halibut is TH sensitive and is associated with metamorphosis and that this barrier's functional properties mature earlier and are independent of metamorphosis.
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- Bojan, Alicja J., 1980, et al.
(författare)
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A new bone adhesive candidate- does it work in human bone? An ex-vivo preclinical evaluation in fresh human osteoporotic femoral head bone
- 2022
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Ingår i: Injury-International Journal of the Care of the Injured. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-1383 .- 1879-0267. ; 53:6, s. 1858-1866
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The fixation of small intraarticular bone fragments is clinically challenging and an obvious first orthopaedic indication for an effective bone adhesive. In the present study the feasibility of bonding freshly harvested human trabecular bone with OsStic(R), a novel phosphoserine modified cement, was evaluated using a bone cylinder model pull-out test and compared with a commercial fibrin tissue adhesive. Methods: Femoral heads (n=13) were collected from hip fracture patients undergoing arthroplasty and stored refrigerated overnight in saline medium prior to testing. Cylindrical bone cores with a pre-inserted bone screw, were prepared using a coring tool. Each core was removed and glued back in place with either the bone adhesive (alpha-tricalcium phosphate, phosphoserine and 20% trisodium citrate solution) or the fibrin glue. All glued bones were stored in bone medium at 37 degrees C. Tensile loading, using a universal testing machine (5 kN load cell), was applied to each core/head. For the bone adhesive, bone cores were tested at 2 (n=13) and 24 (n=11) hours. For the fibrin tissue adhesive control group (n=9), bone cores were tested exclusively at 2 hours. The femoral bone quality was evaluated with micro-CT. Results: The ultimate pull-out load for the bone adhesive at 2 hours ranged from 36 to 171 N (mean 94 N, SD 42 N). At 24 hours the pull-out strength was similar, 47 to 198 N (mean 123 N, SD 43 N). The adhesive failure usually occurred through the adhesive layer, however in two samples, at 167 N and 198 N the screw pulled out of the bone core. The fibrin tissue adhesive group reached a peak force of 8 N maximally at 2 hours (range 2.8-8 N, mean 5.4 N, SD 1.6 N). The mean BV/TV for femoral heads was 0.15 and indicates poor bone quality. Conclusion: The bone adhesive successfully glued wet and fatty tissue of osteoporotic human bone cores. The mean ultimate pull-out force of 123 N at 24 hours corresponds to similar to 300 kPa shear stress acting on the bone core. These first ex-vivo results in human bone are a promising step toward potential clinical application in osteochondral fragment fixation. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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- de Gelder, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Transepithelial transfer of phenanthrene, but not of benzo[a]pyrene, is inhibited by fatty acids in the proximal intestine of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology and Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-0456 .- 1878-1659. ; 204, s. 97-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Elsevier Inc. The inclusion of vegetable oils in aquafeeds introduces contaminating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in salmonids. Since lipophilic PAHs solubilize in micelles composed of lipids, bile salts and fatty acids, dietary lipid composition can alter intestinal transepithelial PAH transfer. We studied the uptake of two PAHs, viz. benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and phenanthrene (PHE), in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestine. We also investigated the effects of two fatty acids, viz. fish oil-derived eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and vegetable oil-derived oleic acid (18:1n-9) on intestinal uptake. Radiolabeled PAHs were solubilized in micelles composed of tritiated EPA and oleic acid, respectively, and administrated to intestinal segments mounted in Ussing chambers. In the absence of micelles, PHE accumulation was two times higher than BaP in the mucosal and serosal layers of proximal and distal intestine. Administration of PHE in micelles composed of oleic acid resulted in a 50% lower accumulation of PHE in the mucosal layers of the proximal intestine compared to EPA-composed micelles. Accumulation of EPA and oleic acid in the proximal intestinal mucosa correlated negatively with the transepithelial transfer of these fatty acids across the proximal intestinal epithelium. Transepithelial PHE transfer across the proximal intestine was reduced by 30% in co-exposure with EPA-composed micelles compared to 80% with oleic acid micelles. BaP was not transferred across the intestine. We conclude that the lipid composition of an aquafeed is an important determinant of PAH bioavailability. Therefore, lipid composition should be an important consideration in choosing vegetable oils as alternatives for fish oil in aquafeeds.
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- Dey, D K, et al.
(författare)
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Body mass index, weight change and mortality in the elderly. A 15 y longitudinal population study of 70 y olds
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 55:6, s. 482-492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) at age 70, weight change between age 70 and 75, and 15 y mortality. DESIGN: Cohort study of 70-y-olds. SETTING: Geriatric Medicine Department, Göteborg University, Sweden. SUBJECTS: A total of 2628 (1225 males and 1403 females) 70-y-olds examined in 1971--1981 in Gothenburg, Sweden. RESULTS: The relative risks (RRs) for 15 y mortality were highest in the lowest BMI quintiles of males 1.20 (95% CI 0.96--1.51) and females 1.49 (95% CI 1.14--1.96). In non-smoking males, no significant differences were observed across the quintiles for 5, 10 and 15 y mortality. In non-smoking females, the highest RR (1.58, 95% CI 1.15--2.16) for 15 y mortality was in the lowest quintile. After exclusion of first 5 y death, no excess risks were found in males for following 5 and 10 y mortality across the quintiles. In females, a U-shaped relation was observed after such exclusions. BMI ranges with lowest 15 y mortality were 27--29 and 25--27 kg/m(2) in non-smoking males and females, respectively. A weight loss of > or = 10% between age 70 and 75 meant a significantly higher risk for subsequent 5 and 10 y mortality in both sexes relative to individuals with 'stable' weights. CONCLUSION: Low BMI and weight loss are risk factors for mortality in the elderly and smoking habits did not significantly modify that relationship. The BMI ranges with lowest risks for 15 y mortality are relatively higher in elderly. Exclusion of early deaths from the analysis modified the weight-mortality relationship in elderly males but not in females.
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- Dey, D K, et al.
(författare)
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Height and body weight in the elderly. I. A 25-year longitudinal study of a population aged 70 to 95 years
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 53:12, s. 905-914
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe longitudinal changes in height and body weight between the ages of 70 and 95 y. DESIGN : Longitudinal cohort study with representative sample of 70-y-olds. SETTING: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Göteborg University, Sweden. SUBJECTS: 449 males and 524 females, aged 70 y, living in Göteborg were examined in 1971-72 and this study population participated on 11 occasions during a 25-year follow-up. RESULTS: Mean height decreased 4 and 4.9 cm in males and females respectively and the trend was significant between the ages of 70 and 95 y in both sexes. Between 70 and 75 y of age, a significant difference was found between quintiles of body height where in the highest quintile height was lowered by 0.4 and 0. 3 cm/y, in males and females respectively, and in the lowest quintile by 0.1 cm/y in both sexes. Mean body weight decreased 3.2 and 5.1 kg in males and females respectively, from age 70 to 95 y. The trend was significant over 22 and 20 y for males and females, respectively.Between the ages of 70 and 80 y, individuals in highest quintile of body weight decreased at a rate of 0.8 and 0.6 kg/y, three times higher than those in lowest quintile. Due to the decrease in both height and weight over time, body mass index (BMI) was less affected. CONCLUSION: Height, body weight and BMI decreased significantly in both sexes after age 70 y, and there was a gender difference in the trend. The results can be used as reference data for Swedish elderly and might be of importance to the understanding of anthropometry with the ageing process.
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