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- Nordvi, M. F., et al.
(författare)
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Fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida mitigates intestinal inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - 0044-8486. ; 575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using functional feed ingredients to increase the intestinal health of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) could allow greater variation and higher inclusion of plant-based proteins in the feed. This is beneficial both for the fish feed industry and fish welfare. Components with strong bioactive properties, such as fucoidans from marine macroalgae, have a great potential as a functional feed ingredient. In the present trial, we challenged Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts with 17.8% soya HP48, a diet that has been shown to cause low-level intestinal inflammation. Fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida was included at 0, 1, or 3% (Control, FUC1, and FUC3, respectively) to study its ability to alleviate this low-level inflammation . The fish were fed the diets in triplicate tanks for 59 days. At the end of the experiment, the fish were euthanised and the mid-and hind intestine were sampled for morphological-, integrity-(Ussing chamber) and gene expressional-(RNAseq) assessments. Addition of 3% fucoidan lowered the protein digestibility of the feed, however, this did not result in significant differences in the growth parameters. The paracellular permeability of the hydrophilic marker 14C-mannitol tended to decrease with the addition of fucoidan in both tissue segments. The active transport of L-lysine in the mid intestine was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner of fucoidan. An anti-inflammatory effect of fucoidan was observed in the hind intestine with significant reductions in the stratum granulosum width and lamina propria height of fish fed FUC1 and FUC3 compared to the Control. This suggests that U. pinnatifida fucoidan can have positive effect on both intestinal integrity and immune regulation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
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- Arnoldussen, I. A. C., et al.
(författare)
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A 10-Year Follow-Up of Adiposity and Dementia in Swedish Adults Aged 70 Years and Older
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimers Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 63:4, s. 1325-1335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Adiposity measured in mid-or late-life and estimated using anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), or metabolic markers such as blood leptin and adiponectin levels, is associated with late-onset dementia risk. However, during later life, this association may reverse and aging- and dementia-related processes may differentially affect adiposity measures. Objective: We explored associations of concurrent BMI, WHR, and blood leptin and high molecular weight adiponectin levels with dementia occurrence. Methods: 924 Swedish community-dwelling elderly without dementia, aged 70 years and older, systematically-sampled by birth day and birth year population-based in the Gothenburg city region of Sweden. The Gothenburg Birth Cohort Studies are designed for evaluating risk and protective factors for dementia. All dementias diagnosed after age 70 for 10 years were identified. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to predict dementia occurrence between 2000-2005, 2005-2010, and 2000-2010 after excluding prevalent baseline (year 2000) dementias. Baseline levels of BMI, WHR, leptin, and adiponectin were used. Results: Within 5 years of baseline, low BMI (<20 kg/m(2)) was associated with higher odds of dementia compared to those in the healthy BMI category (>= 20-24.9 kg/m(2)). Compared to the lowest quartile, leptin levels in the second quartile were associated with lower odds of dementia in women (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In late-life, anthropometric and metabolic adiposity measures appear to be differentially associated with dementia risk. While BMI and leptin levels are highly positively correlated, our results show that their association with dementia at age >= 70 years, is asynchronous. These data suggest that with aging, the complexity of the adiposity exposure may increase and suggests metabolic dysregulation. Additional studies are needed to better understand this complexity.
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- Brandgård, J., et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring growth of the methanogenic archaea Methanobacterium formicicum using an electronic nose
- 2001
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Ingår i: Biotechnology letters. - 0141-5492 .- 1573-6776. ; 23:4, s. 241-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth of the methanogenic archaea, Methanobacterium formicicum, in pure culture was monitored by analysing samples from the gas phase with an array of chemical gas sensors (an 'electronic nose'). Analyses of the methane and protein formation rates were used as independent parameters of growth, and the data obtained from the electronic nose were evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA). We found that different growth phases can be distinguished with the electronic nose followed by PCA evaluation. The fast response of the sensors in combination with the high correlations with other parameters measuring growth show that the electronic nose can be a useful tool to rapidly determine methanogenic growth.
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- Brijs, J., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and severity of cardiac abnormalities and arteriosclerosis in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0044-8486 .- 1873-5622. ; 526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiovascular disease may pose a major threat to the health and welfare of farmed fish. By investigating a range of established cardiovascular disease indicators, we aimed to determine the prevalence, severity and consequences of this affliction in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from an open cage farm in the Baltic Sea, an open cage farm in a freshwater lake, and a land-based recirculating aquaculture system. We also aimed to identify environmental, anthropogenic and physiological factors contributing towards the development of the disease. The majority of trout possessed enlarged hearts with rounded ventricles (mean height:width ratios of 1.0–1.1 c.f. ~1.3 in wild fish) and a high degree of vessel misalignment (mean angles between the longitudinal ventricular axis and the axis of the bulbus arteriosus of 28–31 °c.f. ~23° in wild fish). The prevalence and severity of coronary arteriosclerosis was also high, as 92–100% of fish from the different aquaculture facilities exhibited coronary lesions. Mean lesion incidence and severity indices were 67–95% and 3.1–3.9, respectively, which resulted in mean coronary arterial blockages of 19–32%. To evaluate the functional significance of these findings, we modelled the effects of arterial blockages on coronary blood flow and experimentally tested the effects of coronary occlusion in a sub-sample of fish. The observed coronary blockages were estimated to reduce coronary blood flow by 34–54% while experimental coronary occlusion adversely affected the electrocardiogram of trout. Across a range of environmental (water current, predation), anthropogenic (boat traffic intensity, hatchery of origin, brand of feed pellets) and physiological factors (condition factor, haematological and plasma indices), the hatchery of origin was the main factor contributing towards the observed variation in the development of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, further research on the effects of selective breeding programs and rearing strategies on the development of cardiovascular disease is needed to improve the welfare and health of farmed fish. © 2020 The Authors
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- Börjesson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial oxidation of CH4 at different temperatures in landfill cover soils
- 2004
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0168-6496 .- 1574-6941. ; 48:3, s. 305-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biological oxidation of CH4 is an important constraint on the emission of this gas from areas, such as landfills to the atmosphere. We studied the effect of temperature on methanotrophic bacteria in three different landfill cover soils, incubated in the laboratory. In samples of a young cover, consisting of wood chips and sewage sludge, the phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), regarded as biomarkers for type I methanotrophs (16:1?5t, 16:1?6c, 16:1?8c), primarily increased at low temperatures (5-10°C). On the other hand, the PLFA marker for type II methanotrophs (18:1?8c) was highly elevated only at 20°C. These results suggest that temperature can determine the selection of methanotroph populations. © 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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