| 1. |
- Block, Keith I., et al.
(författare)
-
Designing a broad-spectrum integrative approach for cancer prevention and treatment
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Seminars in Cancer Biology. - : Academic Press. - 1044-579X .- 1096-3650. ; 35, s. S276-S304
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Targeted therapies and the consequent adoption of "personalized" oncology have achieved notable successes in some cancers; however, significant problems remain with this approach. Many targeted therapies are highly toxic, costs are extremely high, and most patients experience relapse after a few disease-free months. Relapses arise from genetic heterogeneity in tumors, which harbor therapy-resistant immortalized cells that have adopted alternate and compensatory pathways (i.e., pathways that are not reliant upon the same mechanisms as those which have been targeted). To address these limitations, an international task force of 180 scientists was assembled to explore the concept of a low-toxicity "broadspectrum" therapeutic approach that could simultaneously target many key pathways and mechanisms. Using cancer hallmark phenotypes and the tumor microenvironment to account for the various aspects of relevant cancer biology, interdisciplinary teams reviewed each hallmark area and nominated a wide range of high-priority targets (74 in total) that could be modified to improve patient outcomes. For these targets, corresponding low-toxicity therapeutic approaches were then suggested, many of which were phytochemicals. Proposed actions on each target and all of the approaches were further reviewed for known effects on other hallmark areas and the tumor microenvironment Potential contrary or procarcinogenic effects were found for 3.9% of the relationships between targets and hallmarks, and mixed evidence of complementary and contrary relationships was found for 7.1%. Approximately 67% of the relationships revealed potentially complementary effects, and the remainder had no known relationship. Among the approaches, 1.1% had contrary, 2.8% had mixed and 62.1% had complementary relationships. These results suggest that a broad-spectrum approach should be feasible from a safety standpoint. This novel approach has potential to be relatively inexpensive, it should help us address stages and types of cancer that lack conventional treatment, and it may reduce relapse risks. A proposed agenda for future research is offered. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
|
|
| 2. |
- Belitsky, Victor, 1955, et al.
(författare)
-
ALMA Band 5 receiver cartridge: Design, performance, and commissioning
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 611
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the design, performance, and commissioning results for the new ALMA Band 5 receiver channel, 163-211 GHz, which is in the final stage of full deployment and expected to be available for observations in 2018. This manuscript provides the description of the new ALMA Band 5 receiver cartridge and serves as a reference for observers using the ALMA Band 5 receiver for observations. At the time of writing this paper, the ALMA Band 5 Production Consortium consisting of NOVA Instrumentation group, based in Groningen, NL, and GARD in Sweden have produced and delivered to ALMA Observatory over 60 receiver cartridges. All 60 cartridges fulfil the new more stringent specifications for Band 5 and demonstrate excellent noise temperatures, typically below 45 K single sideband (SSB) at 4 K detector physical temperature and below 35 K SSB at 3.5 K (typical for operation at the ALMA Frontend), providing the average sideband rejection better than 15 dB, and the integrated cross-polarization level better than -25 dB. The 70 warm cartridge assemblies, hosting Band 5 local oscillator and DC bias electronics, have been produced and delivered to ALMA by NRAO. The commissioning results confirm the excellent performance of the receivers.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Hellstrom-Lindberg, E., et al.
(författare)
-
A validated decision model for treating the anaemia of myelodysplastic syndromes with erythropoietin + granulocyte colony-stimulating factor : Significant effects on quality of life
- 2003
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 120, s. 1037-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have published previously a prototype of a decision model for anaemic patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), in which transfusion need and serum erythropoietin (S-Epo) were used to define three groups with different probabilities of erythroid response to treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) + Epo. S-Epo = 500 U/l and a transfusion need of < 2 units/month predicted a high probability of response to treatment, S-Epo > 500 U/l and =2 units/month for a poor response, whereas the presence of only one negative prognostic marker predicted an intermediate response. A total of 53 patients from a prospective study were included in our evaluation sample. Patients with good or intermediate probability of response were treated with G-CSF + Epo. The overall response rate was 42% with 28.3% achieving a complete and 13.2% a partial response to treatment. The response rates were 61% and 14% in the good and intermediate predictive groups respectively. The model retained a significant predictive value in the evaluation sample (P < 0.001). Median duration of response was 23 months. Scores for global health and quality of life (QOL) were significantly lower in MDS patients than in a reference population, and fatigue and dyspnoea was significantly more prominent. Global QOL improved in patients responding to treatment (P = 0.01). The validated decision model defined a subgroup of patients with a response rate of 61% (95% confidence interval 48-74%) to treatment with G-CSF + Epo. The majority of these patients have shown complete and durable responses.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Costa, D, et al.
(författare)
-
Intimate partner violence: a study in men and women from six European countries
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1661-8556 .- 1661-8564. ; 60:4, s. 467-478
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to assess intimate partner violence (IPV) among men and women from six cities in six European countries.Four IPV types were measured in a population-based multicentre study of adults (18-64 years; n = 3,496). Sex- and city-differences in past year prevalence were examined considering victims, perpetrators or both and considering violent acts' severity and repetition.Male victimization of psychological aggression ranged from 48.8 % (Porto) to 71.8 % (Athens) and female victimization from 46.4 % (Budapest) to 70.5 % (Athens). Male and female victimization of sexual coercion ranged from 5.4 and 8.9 %, respectively, in Budapest to 27.1 and 25.3 % in Stuttgart. Male and female victims of physical assault ranged from 9.7 and 8.5 %, respectively, in Porto, to 31.2 and 23.1 % in Athens. Male victims of injury were 2.7 % in A-stersund and 6.3 % in London and female victims were 1.4 % in A-stersund and 8.5 % in Stuttgart. IPV differed significantly across cities (p < 0.05). Men and women predominantly experienced IPV as both victims and perpetrators with few significant sex-differences within cities.Results support the need to consider men and women as both potential victims and perpetrators when approaching IPV.
|
|
| 8. |
- Costa, D, et al.
(författare)
-
Intimate partner violence and health-related quality of life in European men and women: Findings from the DOVE study
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Quality of Life Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0962-9343 .- 1573-2649. ; 24:2, s. 463-473
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractPurposeLittle is known on the specific relation betweenbeing a perpetrator or both a victim and perpetrator ofintimate partner violence (IPV) and health-related qualityof life (HRQoL). We assessed the association betweenHRQoL and abuse, considering men and women as victims,perpetrators or reciprocally.MethodsParticipants were adult men and women(n=3,496), randomly selected from the general populationof six European cities. The Revised-Conflict-Tactics-Scalesand the Medical-Outcomes-Study 36-item Short-FormHealth Survey (SF-36) were used to measure IPV andHRQoL. The age-, education-, and city-adjusted meanscores[standard error] of the physical and of the mental SF-36 component summaries were used to compare victimsonly,perpetrators-only, and those involved in both (bidirectionalor reciprocal cases) with those not involved in pastyearand lifetime physical assault and/or sexual coercion.ResultsThe physical component summary was significantlylower in women involved in past-year bidirectionalphysical assault compared with non-abused women. Themental component summary in women not involved in IPVwas significantly higher than in those physically abused,regardless of type of involvement. Women victims-only ofpast-year sexual coercion and victims or involved in bidirectionalconcomitant physical and sexual IPV also presentedlower scores in the mental component summary thanwomen not involved in IPV. In men, significantly lowerscores in the mental component summary were found in thepast-year bidirectional physically assaulted group andamong those involved bidirectionally in both physical andsexual IPV compared with men not involved in IPV.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Costa, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Male and female physical intimate partner violence and socio-economic position : a cross-sectional international multicentre study in Europe
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Public Health. - UK : Elsevier. - 2198-1833 .- 1613-2238. ; 139, s. 44-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesThis work explores the association between socio-economic position (SEP) and intimate partner violence (IPV) considering the perspectives of men and women as victims, perpetrators and as both (bidirectional).Study designCross-sectional international multicentre study.MethodsA sample of 3496 men and women, (aged 18–64 years), randomly selected from the general population of residents from six European cities was assessed: Athens; Budapest; London; Östersund; Porto; and Stuttgart. Their education (primary, secondary and university), occupation (upper white collar, lower white collar and blue collar) and unemployment duration (never, ≤12 months and >12 months) were considered as SEP indicators and physical IPV was measured with the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales.ResultsPast year physical IPV was declared by 17.7% of women (3.5% victims, 4.2% perpetrators and 10.0% bidirectional) and 19.8% of men (4.1% victims, 3.8% perpetrators and 11.9% bidirectional). Low educational level (primary vs university) was associated with female victimisation (adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 3.2; 1.3–8.0) and with female bidirectional IPV (4.1, 2.4–7.1). Blue collar occupation (vs upper white) was associated with female victimisation (2.1, 1.1–4.0), female perpetration (3.0, 1.3–6.8) and female bidirectional IPV (4.0, 2.3–7.0). Unemployment duration was associated with male perpetration (>12 months of unemployment vs never unemployed: 3.8; 1.7–8.7) and with bidirectional IPV in both sex (women: 1.8, 1.2–2.7; men: 1.7, 1.0–2.8).ConclusionsIn these European centres, physical IPV was associated with a disadvantaged SEP. A consistent socio-economic gradient was observed in female bidirectional involvement, but victims or perpetrators-only presented gender specificities according to levels of education, occupation differentiation and unemployment duration potentially useful for designing interventions.
|
|
