| 1. |
- Haars, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Sublineages and Spike Protein Mutations Conferring Resistance against Monoclonal Antibodies in a Swedish Cohort during 2022–2023
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI. - 2076-2607. ; 11:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important treatment option for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, especially in immunosuppressed patients. However, this treatment option can become ineffective due to mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, mainly in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein. In the present study, 7950 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples from the Uppsala and Örebro regions of central Sweden, collected between March 2022 and May 2023, were whole-genome sequenced using amplicon-based sequencing methods on Oxford Nanopore GridION, Illumina MiSeq, Illumina HiSeq, or MGI DNBSEQ-G400 instruments. Pango lineages were determined and all single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations that occurred in these samples were identified. We found that the dominant sublineages changed over time, and mutations conferring resistance to currently available mAbs became common. Notable ones are R346T and K444T mutations in the RBD that confer significant resistance against tixagevimab and cilgavimab mAbs. Further, mutations conferring a high-fold resistance to bebtelovimab, such as the K444T and V445P mutations, were also observed in the samples. This study highlights that resistance mutations have over time rendered currently available mAbs ineffective against SARS-CoV-2 in most patients. Therefore, there is a need for continued surveillance of resistance mutations and the development of new mAbs that target more conserved regions of the RBD.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Amnå, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
En halv miljard av statens pengar riskerar att slösas bort
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Göteborgs-Posten. ; 2007-09-13, s. 47-47
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Minskade anslag gör att den årliga undersökningen om våra levnadsförhållanden hotas att halveras. Det kan drabba redan svaga grupper som äldre, invandrare och ensamstående föräldrar.
|
|
| 4. |
- Andersson, Tova, et al.
(författare)
-
Ekonomisk jämförelse av två system för fastighetsnära insamling av avfall
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fyrfack och optibag är två system för fastighetsnära insamling (FNI) av förpacknings- och tidningsavfall samt matavfall. De är olika uppbyggda och har olika för- och nackdelar, vilket beskrivits i ett flertal tidigare rapporter. Fyrfacksystemet finns idag i 30 svenska kommuner och har utvecklats där under knappt två decennier, medan optibag varit vanligare i till exempel Norge och bara finns i tre svenska kommuner. Statistik och erfarenheter från optibag-systemet har varit mindre tillgängliga än för fyrfacksystemet, vilket försvårat jämförelser. Denna rapport bygger till stor del på data från rapporten Beräkning av avfallshanteringskostnader i svenska kommuner från Avfall Sverige. Dock används även uppdaterade data från Eskilstuna kommun, den enda i Sverige med lång erfarenhet av optibag-systemet. Genom att basera beräkningar på faktiska förhållanden i Eskilstuna erbjuder denna rapport en mer verklighetsnära uppskattning av kostnaderna för optibag-systemet och utgör därmed ett värdefullt komplement till tidigare rapporter. Speciellt för denna rapport är att kostnader beräknas utifrån två fall. Fall A – initiering, efterliknar situationen i Eskilstuna där befintliga kärl och insamlingsfordon kunde användas för optibag, vilket inte hade varit möjligt för fyrfacksystemet. I Fall B – barmark, beräknas kostnader om all utrustning hade köpts in ny i bägge systemen. Fall A representerar sannolikt förhållandena i många svenska kommuner som överväger att inför någon form av fastighetsnära insamling av förpacknings- och tidningsavfall samt matavfall. Optibag-systemet framstår som ett billigare system än fyrfack, sett till både investeringar och årskostnader, framförallt om befintliga kärl och fordon kan användas. Kapitalkostnaderna skiljer sig kraftigt mellan de två systemen medan driftkostnaderna är snarlika. Vilka kostnader som dominerar varierar stort mellan systemen, sorteringsanläggning och påsar för optibag eller kärl, fordon (inklusive drift) och eventuellt omlastningsstation för fyrfack. Möjligheten att påverka de kostnaderna varierar vilket gör att totala kostnader skulle se annorlunda ut i andra kommuner, resultaten är alltså inte helt generella. Att optibag-systement normalt inte hanterar glasförpackningar verkar inte vara ett avgörande problem ur användarsynpunkt eller sett till sorteringsgrad. Baserat på tillgänglig statistik verkar det som att sorteringsgraden över lag är bättre för fyrfacksystemet, men skillnaderna är små och påverkas även av lokala förhållanden såsom anslutningsgrad.
|
|
| 5. |
- Barrio, Isabel C., et al.
(författare)
-
Background invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex) increases with temperature and precipitation across the tundra biome
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Polar Biology. - : Springer. - 0722-4060 .- 1432-2056. ; 40:11, s. 2265-2278
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic, low intensity herbivory by invertebrates, termed background herbivory, has been understudied in tundra, yet its impacts are likely to increase in a warmer Arctic. The magnitude of these changes is however hard to predict as we know little about the drivers of current levels of invertebrate herbivory in tundra. We assessed the intensity of invertebrate herbivory on a common tundra plant, the dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex), and investigated its relationship to latitude and climate across the tundra biome. Leaf damage by defoliating, mining and gall-forming invertebrates was measured in samples collected from 192 sites at 56 locations. Our results indicate that invertebrate herbivory is nearly ubiquitous across the tundra biome but occurs at low intensity. On average, invertebrates damaged 11.2% of the leaves and removed 1.4% of total leaf area. The damage was mainly caused by external leaf feeders, and most damaged leaves were only slightly affected (12% leaf area lost). Foliar damage was consistently positively correlated with mid-summer (July) temperature and, to a lesser extent, precipitation in the year of data collection, irrespective of latitude. Our models predict that, on average, foliar losses to invertebrates on dwarf birch are likely to increase by 6-7% over the current levels with a 1 degrees C increase in summer temperatures. Our results show that invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch is small in magnitude but given its prevalence and dependence on climatic variables, background invertebrate herbivory should be included in predictions of climate change impacts on tundra ecosystems.
|
|
| 6. |
- Barrio, Isabel C., et al.
(författare)
-
Publisher Correction to : Background invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex) increases with temperature and precipitation across the tundra biome (vol 40, pg 2265, 2017)
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Polar Biology. - : Springer. - 0722-4060 .- 1432-2056. ; 41:8, s. 1653-1654
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The above mentioned article was originally scheduled for publication in the special issue on Ecology of Tundra Arthropods with guest editors Toke T. Hoye . Lauren E. Culler. Erroneously, the article was published in Polar Biology, Volume 40, Issue 11, November, 2017. The publisher sincerely apologizes to the guest editors and the authors for the inconvenience caused.
|
|
| 7. |
- Benkestock, Kurt, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of droplet size, capillary-cone distance and selected instrumental parameters for the analysis of noncovalent protein-ligand complexes by nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Mass Spectrometry. - : Wiley. - 1076-5174 .- 1096-9888. ; 39:9, s. 1059-1067
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been suggested in the literature that nano-electrospray ionization (nano-ESI) mass spectrometry better reflects the equilibrium between complex and free protein in solution than pneumatically assisted electrospray ionization (ESI) in noncovalent interaction studies. However, no systematic studies of the effects of ionization conditions have been performed to support this statement. In the present work, different instrumental and sample-derived parameters affecting the stability of noncovalent complexes during analysis by nano-ESI were investigated. In general, increased values of parameters such as drying gas flow-rate, ion-source temperature, capillary tip voltage and buffer concentration lead to a dissociation of ribonuclease A (RNAse)-cytidine 2'-monophosphate (CMP) and cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) complexes. The size of the electrosprayed droplets was shown to be an important issue. Increasing the capillary to cone distance yielded an increased complex to free protein ratio when a hydrophilic ligand was present and the reverse effect was obtained with a hydrophobic ligand. Important in this regard is the degree of sampling of ions originating from late-generation residue droplets, that is, ions present in the droplet bulk. Sampling of these ions increases with longer capillary-cone distance (flight time). Furthermore, when the sample flow-rate was increased by increasing the capillary internal tip i.d. from 4 to 30 mum, a decreased complex to free protein ratio for the RNAse-CTP system was observed. This behavior was consistent with the change in surface to volume ratio for flow-rates between 2 and 100 nl min(-1). Finally, polarity switching between positive and negative ion modes gave a higher complex to free protein ratio when the ligand and the protein had the same polarity.
|
|
| 8. |
- Björnsdottir, Halla, et al.
(författare)
-
Neutrophil NET formation is regulated from the inside by myeloperoxidase-processed reactive oxygen species.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Free radical biology & medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4596 .- 0891-5849. ; 89, s. 1024-1035
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are mesh-like DNA fibers clad with intracellular proteins that are cast out from neutrophils in response to certain stimuli. The process is thought to depend on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the phagocyte NADPH-oxidase and the ROS-modulating granule enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), but when, how, and where these factors contribute is so far uncertain. The neutrophil NADPH-oxidase can be activated at different cellular sites and ROS may be produced and processed by MPO within intracellular granules, even in situations where a phagosome is not formed, e.g., upon stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA).
|
|
| 9. |
- Bladh, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Torsional stability of hydropower units under influence of subsynchronous oscillations
- 2013
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. - 0885-8950 .- 1558-0679. ; 28:4, s. 3826-3833
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydropower units are known to be comparatively insensitive to subsynchronous power oscillations. During a startup test of an electrical island in the Nordic power system, a series capacitor tripped due to a subsynchronous oscillation within the normal frequency range of hydropower unit torsional modes. Since no thermal units were connected, it is motivated to question the traditional view. In this paper, the small-signal and transient torsional mode stability of hydropower units is assessed through time-domain simulations. The model is based on the first IEEE benchmark model for subsynchronous resonance which has been tuned to fit one of the blackstart test system units for which detailed measurements are available. The stability conditions are investigated for several load conditions and machine configurations. It is found that the damping in the startup test system is sufficient to prevent growing oscillations. A fault however could expose the machines to high transient torques.
|
|
| 10. |
- Blume-Werry, Gesche, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Invasive earthworms unlock arctic plant nitrogen limitation
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arctic plant growth is predominantly nitrogen (N) limited. This limitation is generally attributed to slow soil microbial processes due to low temperatures. Here, we show that arctic plant-soil N cycling is also substantially constrained by the lack of larger detritivores (earthworms) able to mineralize and physically translocate litter and soil organic matter. These new functions provided by earthworms increased shrub and grass N concentration in our common garden experiment. Earthworm activity also increased either the height or number of floral shoots, while enhancing fine root production and vegetation greenness in heath and meadow communities to a level that exceeded the inherent differences between these two common arctic plant communities. Moreover, these worming effects on plant N and greening exceeded reported effects of warming, herbivory and nutrient addition, suggesting that human spreading of earthworms may lead to substantial changes in the structure and function of arctic ecosystems. Arctic plant growth is predominantly nitrogen limited, where the slow nitrogen turnover in the soil is commonly attributed to the cold arctic climate. Here the authors show that the arctic plant-soil nitrogen cycling is also constrained by the lack of larger detritivores like earthworms.
|
|
