| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 2. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 3. |
- Brante, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Profession och vetenskap : idéer och strategier för ett professionslärosäte
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Förord av Björn Brorström, Prorektor Högskolan i Borås Ett professionslärosäte bedriver utbildning och forskning på vetenskaplig grund. Vetenskapliga metoder tillämpas och framkomna resultat prövas för att säkra tillförlitlighet och relevans. Förmågan att problematisera, formulera frågor och välja lämpliga metoder för att besvara frågor är egenskaper för god forskning och utmärkande för en stark utbildnings- och forskningsmiljö. Vid ett professionslärosäte finns samtidigt en stark strävan efter att i utbildning och forskning ta till vara den kunskap och de erfarenheter som professioner besitter och därigenom säkra en hög grad av praktisk relevans. Växelverkan mellan teori och praktik och erfarenhetsutbyte mellan forskare och praktiker är ständigt pågående. Det finns ingen avslutning på processen utan den pågår utan avbrott. En nödvändig förutsättning för ett fruktbart samarbete är en ömsesidig respekt och vilja att stödja och ifrågasätta varandra. Forskaren måste vara beredd på kritik för bristen på praktisk relevans och professionsföreträdaren måste vara beredd på att förtrogenhetskunskapens lämplighet ifrågasätts. Det är en fråga om med- och mothåll från båda håll i syfte att långsiktigt utveckla teori och praktik. Det är en utmaning att utveckla, etablera och därefter kontinuerligt försvara och förbättra professionslärosätet. Ett led i utvecklingen är att inom ramen för Högskolan i Borås föra en debatt om innebörden av ett professionslärosäte och vad vi behöver göra för att förbättra verksamheten. På uppdrag av rektor Lena Nordholm har medarbetare vid Bibliotekshögskolan utvecklat och ansvarat för en seminarieserie benämnd Profession och vetenskap. Seminarierna spände över ett brett fält. En av många viktiga frågor som diskuterades flitigt var huruvida vi ska forska om professioner, i för eller med, eller kanske alltihop samtidigt. Bidragen publiceras nu i denna antologi som ges ut inom ramen för Högskolan i Borås rapportserie Vetenskap för profession. Rapporten Profession och vetenskap – idéer och strategier för ett professionslärosäte, som redigerats av universitetsadjunkt Maria Lindh, kommer att få stor betydelse inom lärosätet och i vårt samarbete med företrädare för näringsliv, kulturliv och offentlig verksamhet. Jag ser det som en intressant fortsättning att anordna ett antal seminarier med inbjudna representanter för professioner där artiklarna i denna rapport kan ligga till grund för erfarenhetsutbyte och diskussioner.
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| 5. |
- Fridén, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a low-carbohydrate high polyunsaturated fat diet or a healthy Nordic diet versus usual care on liver fat content and cardiometabolic risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial (NAFLDiet)
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Previous trials have shown that plant-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in place of saturated fat reduces liver fat, a prerequisite for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The effect on liver fat from a novel “anti-lipogenic diet” replacing carbohydrates with PUFA or a healthy Nordic diet (HND) higher in whole-grains but lower in saturated fat has not yet been examined. Objectives: To investigate the effects on changes in liver fat (primary outcome) and other cardiometabolic risk factors after 12 months of follow-up in individuals with prediabetes or T2D from three different diet comparisons: a low carbohydrate high PUFA (LCPUFA) diet versus a HND, a LCPUFA diet versus usual care (UC) and a HND versus UC. Methods: A three-arm parallel ad libitum randomized trial was conducted. Adult men and women (n=148) were randomized to one of the three diet groups. Participants in all groups received key food items on a monthly/bimonthly basis. Liver fat and cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed at baseline and after 12 months. Dietary adherence was assessed using weighed food diaries and objective biomarkers. General linear models were employed to estimate the intention-to-treat (ITT) effect. Results: Dietary adherence was high for all diet groups. Liver fat was reduced to a similar extent in the LCPUFA and the HND group compared to UC (-1.46% (95% CI: -2.42, -0.51)) and -1.76 % (95% CI: -2.96, -0.57), respectively. No difference in liver fat between LCPUFA and HND was observed. Body weight and HbA1c decreased more in the HND compared to the other diet groups whereas no differences were observed between LCPUFA and UC. Similar reductions in LDL-cholesterol were observed for the HND and the LCPUFA group compared to UC, but only the HND reduced triglycerides and C-reactive protein (CRP) compared with UC. No differences were observed for any other secondary outcomes.Conclusions: A LCPUFA diet and a HND both reduced liver fat as compared with UC. Given the sustained weight loss after the HND compared to the other groups, together with improvements in other cardiometabolic markers, the HND in particular seems to be useful for the treatment of T2D and NAFLD.
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| 6. |
- Hagberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic retail research : An introduction
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nordic Retail Research: Emerging Diversity. - : BAS Publishers. - 9789172463110 ; , s. 19-32
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A presentation of retailing in the Nordic countries together with an introduction to the anthology and the co-authors.
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| 9. |
- Eggers, Kai M, et al.
(författare)
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Relations of growth-differentiation factor-15 to biomarkers reflecting vascular pathologies in a population-based sample of elderly subjects
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 72:1, s. 45-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) has recently emerged as a risk predictor in patients with cardiac diseases. GDF-15 is commonly related to cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory activity and cardiac abnormalities. However, it is not clear whether it might be an indicator of vascular pathologies as well.Methods.Circulating levels of GDF-15 were measured in 1004 elderly community dwellers participating in the PIVUS study. The relations of GDF-15 to biomarkers of endothelial activation (E-selectin, P-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1), extracellular matrix degradation (MMP-9, TIMP-1), coagulatory activity (D-dimer, von Willebrand factor, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, factor VIIa), and fibrinolytic activity (PAI-1 activity, tPA-antigen) were assessed by multiple linear regressions.Results. The median GDF-15 level was 1135 ng/L. By linear correlation analysis, GDF-15 exhibited a moderate relation to von Willebrand factor (r = 0.30), and weak, albeit significant relations (r = 0.13-0.29) to E-selectin, P-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MMP-9, TIMP-1, D-dimer, PAI-1 activity and tPA-antigen. The relations to the assessed biomarkers of endothelial activation, TIMP-1, D-dimer and von Willebrand factor remained significant applying multiple linear regression models adjusted for clinical covariates and echocardiographic data. There were no significant relations between GDF-15 and biomarkers solely reflecting coagulatory activity.Conclusions.In the elderly, GDF-15 reflects endothelial activation and vascular inflammation and thus, multiple pathways involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
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| 10. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study : objectives and design
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 278:6, s. 645-659
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiopulmonary diseases are major causes of death worldwide, but currently recommended strategies for diagnosis and prevention may be outdated because of recent changes in risk factor patterns. The Swedish CArdioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) combines the use of new imaging technologies, advances in large-scale 'omics' and epidemiological analyses to extensively characterize a Swedish cohort of 30 000 men and women aged between 50 and 64 years. The information obtained will be used to improve risk prediction of cardiopulmonary diseases and optimize the ability to study disease mechanisms. A comprehensive pilot study in 1111 individuals, which was completed in 2012, demonstrated the feasibility and financial and ethical consequences of SCAPIS. Recruitment to the national, multicentre study has recently started.
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