| 1. |
- Abouhatab, Assem, et al.
(författare)
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An econometric investigation of EU's import demand for fresh potato: a source differentiated analysis focusing on Egypt
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies. - 2044-0839 .- 2044-0847. ; 14, s. 393-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose A better understanding of the determinants of demand through accurate estimates of the elasticity of import demand can help policymakers and exporters improve their market access and competitiveness. This study analyzed the EU's demand for imported potato from major suppliers between 1994 and 2018, with the aim to evaluate the competitiveness of Egyptian potato. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted an import-differentiated framework to investigate demand relationships among the major potato suppliers to the EU's. To evaluate the competitiveness of Egyptian potato on the EU market, expenditure and price demand elasticities for various suppliers were calculated and compared. Findings The empirical results indicated that as income allocation of fresh potatoes increases, the investigated EU markets import more potatoes from other suppliers compared to imports from Egypt. The results show that EU importers may switch to potato imports from other suppliers as the import price of Egyptian potatoes increases, which enter the EU markets before domestically produced potatoes are harvested. Research limitations/implications Due to data unavailability, the present study relied on yearly data on quantities and prices of EU potato imports. A higher frequency of observations should allow for considering seasonal effects, and thereby providing a more transparent picture of market dynamics and demand behavior of EU countries with respect to potato import from various sources of origin. Originality/value The study used a system-wide and source differentiated approach to analyze import demand. In particular, the empirical approach allowed for comparing different demand models (AIDS, Rotterdam, NBR and CBS) to filter out the superior and most suitable model for that data because the suitability and performance of a demand model depends rather on data than on universal criteria.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Abouhatab, Assem, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of import demand for Egyptian potatoes in Germany and the United Kingdom
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1132, s. 39-48
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The European Union (EU) is the major import market for Egyptian fresh potatoes. Germany and the United Kingdom (UK) jointly imported about 44% of Egyptian potato exports to the EU during the period 1994-2012. This study sought to identify the determinants of import demand for Egyptian potatoes in these two countries. A general differentiated demand system approach was used to estimate conditional potato import demand per country. For each country, it was assumed that the system of conditional import demand equations for potatoes is specified according to the sources of origin and also depends on all imported potato prices and total import potato expenditure. When estimated econometrically, this import demand model allows conditional price and expenditure elasticities to be derived. The econometric results indicated that with an estimated elasticity of 1.95, Egyptian potato exports responded significantly to total expenditure on imported potatoes by Germany. On the other hand, Egyptian potato exports to Germany did not exhibit significant price responses. In all cases but one, estimated conditional uncompensated price elasticities were not statistically different from zero. However, more interesting results were obtained concerning the price responses of Egyptian potato exports to the UK, whereby the conditional (uncompensated) direct elasticity of potato imports from Egypt to the UK (-0.71) showed an inelastic response to its own price. Furthermore, Egyptian potato exports seemed to compete on the UK market with potatoes originating from Israel and France, while they displayed complementarity with Dutch imports.
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| 4. |
- Abouhatab, Assem, et al.
(författare)
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EU's trade standards and the export performance of small and medium-sized agri-food export firms in Egypt
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Food and Agribusiness Management Review. - 1096-7508 .- 1559-2448. ; 22, s. 689-705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examined the export performance of Egypt's small and medium-sized agri-food firms in relation to the proliferation and intensification of EU food safety and quality standards. The empirical work that was based on a survey and the estimation of ordered probit models revealed that certification is an indispensable market access instrument for Egypt's firms to penetrate EU markets for imported agri-food commodities. The experience of firms in the agri-food export business was associated with decreasing probabilities of border rejections and exiting export markets due to standards. Furthermore, the results implied that the surveyed firms turn to less demanding markets in terms of food safety and quality requirements as these requirements become more stringent in their traditional export markets. Finally, inconclusive findings were drawn from the role of permanent and skilled firms' labor on the export performance of the surveyed firms.
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| 5. |
- Abu Hatab, Assem, et al.
(författare)
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An econometric investigation of EU's import demand for fresh potato : a source differentiated analysis focusing on Egypt
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies. - : Emerald. - 2044-0839 .- 2044-0847.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – A better understanding of the determinants of demand through accurate estimates of the elasticityof import demand can help policymakers and exporters improve their market access and competitiveness. This study analyzed the EU’s demand for imported potato from major suppliers between 1994 and 2018, with the aim to evaluate the competitiveness of Egyptian potato.Design/methodology/approach – This study adopted an import-differentiated framework to investigatedemand relationships among the major potato suppliers to the EU’s. To evaluate the competitiveness of Egyptian potato on the EU market, expenditure and price demand elasticities for various suppliers werecalculated and compared.Findings – The empirical results indicated that as income allocation of fresh potatoes increases, theinvestigated EU markets import more potatoes from other suppliers compared to imports from Egypt. The results show that EU importers may switch to potato imports from other suppliers as the import price ofEgyptian potatoes increases, which enter the EU markets before domestically produced potatoes are harvested.Research limitations/implications – Due to data unavailability, the present study relied on yearly data onquantities and prices of EU potato imports. A higher frequency of observations should allow for consideringseasonal effects, and thereby providing a more transparent picture of market dynamics and demand behaviorof EU countries with respect to potato import from various sources of origin.Originality/value – The study used a system-wide and source differentiated approach to analyze importdemand. In particular, the empirical approach allowed for comparing different demand models (AIDS,Rotterdam, NBR and CBS) to filter out the superior and most suitable model for that data because the suitabilityand performance of a demand model depends rather on data than on universal criteria.
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| 6. |
- Amuakwa-Mensah, Salome, et al.
(författare)
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Association between rural electrification and agricultural output: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
- 2022
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Ingår i: World Development Perspectives. - : Elsevier. - 2452-2929 .- 2468-0532. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the association between rural electrification and agricultural output at the macro level using panel data on 43 Sub-Saharan African countries from 1990 to 2016. We employed Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) with time trend and country fixed effect in our econometrics estimation to address the potential serial correlation. Our study investigates the following; i) the association between rural electrification and agricultural output, measured as agricultural output per GDP and agricultural output per worker, ii) whether the relationship between rural electrification and agricultural output is conditional on institutional quality of a country, and iii) whether electrification enhances the marginal effect of factor inputs. We find a positive significant association between rural electrification and agricultural output. Also, our result shows that the relationship between electrification and agricultural output is conditional on the quality of institution and factor inputs of a country. With the exception of capital, the association between the interaction term of rural electrification and factor inputs (labour and land), and agricultural output is negative. However, we find a higher positive direct relationship between labour and agricultural output per GDP, implying a higher productivity for those labour who remain in the sector. Our results are heterogenous across population size quartiles sub-samples.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Basnet, Shyam Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Explaining the Process for Conversion to Organic Dairy Farming in Sweden: An Alternative Modelling Approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: German journal of agricultural economics. - 2191-4028. ; 67, s. 14-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To date, the process of conversion to organic farming has been analysed as a choice between only two alternatives, conventional versus organic farming. However, the conversion process in the EU is a twotier decision, which brings the possibility of a nested structure between mixed and organic farming. In the context of Sweden, where the conversion investment is flexible, we attempted to identify economic determinants of the organic conversion process. For that purpose, we applied the nested Logit random utility maximisation (NLRUM) model to data from the Swedish farm accounting data network for 2002-2012. The analysis showed that milk prices, milk yield and environmental support payments play a significant role in the organic conversion process. As expected, a decrease in conventional milk prices would induce conventional farms to convert to organic production. The scale of conversion to organic farming was more pronounced among dairy farms located in regions with higher environmental support payments, and in regions endowed with more pasture land and leys.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Collentine, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the Environmental and Economic Impact of Taxes on Pesticides: Case Study of a Tax on Toxicity
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regulation of pesticides has often followed a command and control approach. However, economic instruments allow for environmental goals to be used for targeting as well as provide users (farmers) with flexibility in their response. The primary environmental effects of concern from the use of plant pesticides are related to the toxic effects on non-targeted organisms in environmental media. This paper describes a methodology for ex ante evaluation of policy alternatives for reducing the impact on the aquatic environment from pesticide use.The proposed methodology consists of several components. It uses the Pesticide Toxicity Index (PTI) for defining an environmental goal and for evaluation of the environmental effect of policy alternatives, a field based model MACRO-DB for describing the impact of crop management programs and agricultural land use on concentrations of active compounds from pesticide use and the use of economic modelling to determine the effect on farm income from alternative tax schemes. The paper presents an application of this method using empirical data from a small agricultural catchment in Southern Sweden and compares the economic and environmental effects of a differentiated tax on the most toxic class of pesticides and a flat tax on all pesticides. On average the costs of reducing environmental impacts by one unit of PTI were estimated to be €1 009 for the flat tax and €71,5 for the differentiated tax.
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