| 1. |
- Bärgman, Jonas, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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The UDrive dataset and key analysis results
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- UDrive is a large European naturalistic driving study, sponsored by the European Commission (FP7).Nineteen partners across Europe have come together and, along with stakeholders, defined researchquestions, developed data acquisition, collected and managed data, and finally, performed a first analysis onthe UDrive dataset with respect to driver/rider behaviour related to traffic safety and the environment (ecodriving).This document presents key results of the UDrive analysis performed in UDrive Sub-project 4: Data analysis.It also describes the UDrive dataset and, in brief, how we got here.
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| 2. |
- Håkansson, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Process and system integration aspects of biomass torrefaction
- 2010
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Ingår i: 18th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition: Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The pre-treatment method torrefaction has been shown to significantly improve biomass fuel characteristics such as energy density, moisture content, milling energy, feeding and hydrophobic properties. These improvements establish torrefaction as a key process in facilitating an expanding market for biomass raw materials. Most of the previous work has focused on evaluating and optimizing the torrefaction process alone. However, to fully explore the maximum energy/exergy and cost efficiency of biomass torrefaction, the entire fuel supply chain and site specific systems must be considered; including logistics, scale and integration with other processes. The present work in progress aims to develop a model that incorporates optimization of the biomass supply chain and process integration systems together with the torrefaction process in order to avoid sub-optimization.
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| 3. |
- Altuntas Vural, Ceren, et al.
(författare)
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International container shipping through the Covid-19 pandemic - Disruptions from a Swedish perspective
- 2024
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At the onset of the pandemic in spring 2020, the Swedish shipping sector was first affected by border closures preventing passengers to use RoPax shipping and cruise ferries. There were some blank sailings but in general they kept operating to foster intra-European trade by trucks despite the missing revenues from passengers. Shipping in general was affected by port disruptions and complicated crew changes. Eventually, however, it was clear that the most dramatic disruptions on a global scale where experienced in the container segment. General media reported on delayed goods, high freight rates and, however not related to the pandemic, the Ever Given blocking the Suez Canal for a week in March 2021. Currently, there are few reports of supply chains and shipping suffering from disruptions and capacity constraints related to the pandemic. The peak in freight rates was rather replaced by depressed rates and there is a certain risk that some logisticians and supply chain managers regard the pandemic as a once-in-a-lifetime event and just want to get back to a previous behaviour seeing container shipping as a commodity with indefinite capacity at a reasonable price. Nevertheless, the war in Ukraine, the drought in the Panama Canal and the attacks by the Houthi rebels in the Red Sea create other problems for container shipping. Freight rates increase significantly, but from very low levels. The purpose of the report is to describe and analyse how international container shipping was affected by the Covid-19 pandemic and other disruptions. The analysis takes a Swedish perspective on disruptions and tries to go beyond the anecdotal reporting and capture what happened and why. Container shipping is put into a context of economy, consumption, world trade, supply chains and logistics. The pandemic and more current events affecting container shipping market are described together with how shipping lines responded. A series of interviews with Swedish actors revealed how they perceived the disruptions and what countermeasures the actors have applied to mitigate the effects, their organisational learning and how they prepare for future disruptions.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective outcome study observing patients with severe traumatic brain injury over 10-15 years
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 61:5, s. 502-512
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) can be divided into primary and secondary injuries. Intensive care protocols focus on preventing secondary injuries. This prospective cohort study was initiated to investigate outcome, including mortality, in patients treated according to the Lund Concept after a sTBI covering 10-15 years post-trauma. Methods: Patients were included during 2000-2004 when admitted to the neurointensive care unit, Sahlgrenska University Hospital. Inclusion criteria were: Glasgow coma scale score of 8, need for artificial ventilation and intracranial monitoring. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used to evaluate outcome both at 1-year and 10-15 years post-trauma. Results: Ninety-five patients, (27 female and 68 male), were initially included. Both improvement and deterioration were noted between 1- and 10-15 years post-injury. Mortality rate (34/95) was higher in the studied population vs. a matched Swedish population, (Standard mortality rate (SMR) 9.5; P < 0.0001). When dividing the cohort into Good (GOS 4-5) and Poor (GOS 2-3) outcome at 1-year, only patients with Poor outcome had a higher mortality rate than the matched population (SMR 7.3; P < 0.0001). Further, good outcome (high GOS) at 1-year was associated with high GOS 10-15 years post-trauma (P < 0.0001). Finally, a majority of patients demonstrated symptoms of mental fatigue. Conclusion: This indicates that patients with severe traumatic brain injury with Good outcome at 1-year have similar survival probability as a matched Swedish population and that high Glasgow outcome scale at 1-year is related to good long-term outcome. Our results further emphasise the advantage of the Lund concept.
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| 5. |
- Awais, Fawad, et al.
(författare)
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Logistic characteristics and requirements of Swedish wood biofuel heating plants
- 2021
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Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The demand for wood biofuel for district heating plants and combined heat and power plants (CHPs) has increased, caused by an increase in both the number and size of CHPs. This places large demands on the logistics system supplying these plants with fuel, with a particular interest in the use of alternative modes of transport such as rail and sea. The aim of this paper is to identify the industry actors’ requirements, constraints, and preferences regarding the wood-biofuel supply chain and to identify the logistical challenges this entails, as well as how this impacts the opportunity for an increased use of alternative transport solutions. A survey was sent to all Swedish CHPs, combined with six interviews with transport companies, terminal operators, and forest companies. The study shows that the industry has a local focus that limits potential logistics and sourcing solutions. It is also challenged by urban sprawl, with expanding residential areas close to the CHPs putting further constraints on the operations. Significant variations in fuel demand, depending on unpredictable outside temperature and seasonal variation, is a further challenge. The low density of the fuel has a negative impact on transport costs and introduces a trade-off between chipping close to the forest to increase density versus more efficient chipping at the CHP. Intermodal transport only used by large plants, driven by a shortage of local fuel. © 2020 The Authors
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| 6. |
- Dribe, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Det rörliga livet på landet
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nordbor. Liv och rörelse under 500 år. - 9789170614705
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 7. |
- Ferm, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Utprovning av enkla mätmetoder för bestämning av NO/NOx-halter i utomhusluft
- 1993
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Två nya våtkemiska mättekniker för att mäta kvävemonoxid (NO)-halten i tätortsluft har testats. Den ena tekniken är aktiv och består av tre impregnerade filter i serie. Luftens innehåll av kvävedioxid (NO2) avlägsnas först genom absorption i ett natriumjodid (NaI)-impregnerat filter. NO absorberas inte i detta filter. Nästa filter är impregnerat med blyoxid (PbO2) som oxiderar NO till NO2. Det tredje och sista filtret är likadant som det första och absorberar den NO2 som härrör från oxiderad NO. Tekniken användes för att mäta dygnsmedelvärden av NO och NO2-halterna. En av fördelarna med tekniken är att halterna bestäms separat, dvs att ingen halt räknas ut som skillnaden mellan två tal. Den andra tekniken är passiv och bygger på att två diffusionsprovtagare används, en för enbart NO2 och en som även absorberar NO. Provtagarna består av ett rör som är öppet i ena änden och försett med ett impregnerat filter i den andra. Den drivande kraften är gasmolekylernas termiska diffusion. Inloppet är försett med ett Teflonfilter för att förhindra turbulenta luftrörelser i provtagaren. I båda provtagarna används samma impregnering som i de aktiva provtagarna för uppsamling av NO2. Till den diffusionsprovtagare som även absorberar NO, tillsattes ett organiskt oxidationsmedel (PTIO) vilket oxiderar NO till NO2. De aktiva och passiva metoderna användes parallellt med kemiluminiscenta instrument i Gävle, Karlstad och Göteborg. Det visade sig att de aktiva och passiva teknikerna stämde ganska väl överens på samtliga platser, men att överensstämmelsen med kemiluminiscent teknik endast var bra i Karlstad.
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