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- Musi, N., et al.
(författare)
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Metformin increases AMP-activated-protein-kinase activity in skeletal of subjects with type 2 diabetes
- 2002
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - Alexandra, VA, USA : American Diabetes Association Inc.. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 51:7, s. 2074-2081
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metformin is an effective hypoglycemic drug that lowers blood glucose concentrations by decreasing hepatic glucose production and increasing glucose disposal in skeletal muscle; however, the molecular site of metformin action is not well understood. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity increases in response to depletion of cellular energy stores, and this enzyme has been implicated in the stimulation of glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and the inhibition of liver gluconeogenesis. We recently reported that AMPK is activated by metformin in cultured rat hepatocytes, mediating the inhibitory effects of the drug on hepatic glucose production. In the present study, we evaluated whether therapeutic doses of metformin increase AMPK activity in vivo in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Metformin treatment for 10 weeks significantly increased AMPK α2 activity in the skeletal muscle, and this was associated with increased phosphorylation of AMPK on Thr172 and decreased acetyl-CoA carboxylase-2 activity. The increase in AMPK α2 activity was likely due to a change in muscle energy status because ATP and phosphocreatine concentrations were lower after metformin treatment. Metformin-induced increases in AMPK activity were associated with higher rates of glucose disposal and muscle glycogen concentrations. These findings suggest that the metabolic effects of metformin in subjects with type 2 diabetes may be mediated by the activation of AMPK α2.
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| 4. |
- Svanfeldt, M, et al.
(författare)
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Randomized clinical trial of the effect of preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment on postoperative whole-body protein and glucose kinetics
- 2007
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Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - West Sussex, United Kingdom : John Wiley & Sons. - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 94:11, s. 1342-50
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Preoperative oral carbohydrate (CHO) reduces postoperative insulin resistance. In this randomized trial, the effect of CHO on postoperative whole-body protein turnover was studied.Methods: Glucose and protein kinetics ([6,6(2)H(2)]D-glucose, [(2)H(5)]phenylalanine, [(2)H(2)]tyrosine and [(2)H(4)]tyrosine) and substrate oxidation (indirect calorimetry) were studied at baseline and during hyperinsulinaemic normoglycaemic clamping before and on the first day after colorectal resection. Fifteen patients were randomized to receive a preoperative beverage with high (125 mg/ml) or low (25 mg/ml) CHO content.Results: Three patients were excluded after the intervention, leaving six patients in each group. After surgery whole-body protein balance did not change in the high oral CHO group, whereas it was more negative in the low oral CHO group after surgery at baseline (P = 0.003) and during insulin stimulation (P = 0.005). Insulin-stimulated endogenous glucose release was similar before and after surgery in the high oral CHO group, but was higher after surgery in the low oral CHO group (P = 0.013) and compared with the high oral CHO group (P = 0.044).Conclusion: Whole-body protein balance and the suppressive effect of insulin on endogenous glucose release are better maintained when patients receive a CHO-rich beverage before surgery.
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| 5. |
- Beskow, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Preliminary cross-cultural evaluation of expressiveness in synthetic faces
- 2004
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Ingår i: Affective Dialogue Systems, Proceedings. - Berlin : SPRINGER-VERLAG. - 3540221433 ; , s. 301-304
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports the results of a preliminary cross-evaluation experiment run in the framework of the European research project PF-Star(1), with the double I aim of evaluating the possibility of exchanging FAP data between the involved sites and assessing the-adequacy of the emotional facial gestures performed by talking heads. The results provide initial insights in the way people belonging to various cultures-react to natural and synthetic facial expressions produced in different cultural settings, and in the potentials and limits of FAP data exchange.
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| 6. |
- Morner, Malin E. M., et al.
(författare)
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The Importance of Blood Loss During Colon Cancer Surgery for Long-Term Survival : An Epidemiological Study Based on a Population Based Register
- 2012
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Ingår i: Annals of Surgery. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0003-4932 .- 1528-1140. ; 255:6, s. 1126-1128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study tested the hypothesis that the amount of blood loss during surgery for colonic cancer influences long-term survival. Background: The perioperative blood loss during surgery for colorectal cancer relates to the risk for complications and early mortality. Methods: All patients who underwent surgery for colon cancer between 1997 and 2003 in the health-care region of Uppsala/Orebro were prospectively registered at the regional oncological center. Data on patients who underwent radical surgery for stages I to III disease were analyzed. Patients who died within 6 months after surgery were excluded. Hazard ratios were calculated with uni- and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression. Because of covariation, blood loss, blood transfusion, and complications were tested in separate multivariate analyses. Results: Blood loss of 250 mL or more during surgery, male gender, occurrence of complications, age more than 75 years, and stage III disease were risk factors for overall mortality in the uni- and multivariate analyses. Perioperative blood transfusion was shown to be a risk factor in the univariate analysis only. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that degree of blood loss during surgery for colon cancer is a factor that influences long-term survival.
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| 7. |
- Svanfeldt, M., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of 3 days of 'postoperative' low caloric feeding with or without bed rest on insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects
- 2003
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - Edinburgh, United Kingdom : Churchill Livingstone. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 22:1, s. 31-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Insulin resistance after surgery is caused by the surgical trauma and presumably also by other factors, such as starvation and immobilization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of traditional postsurgical low caloric feeding and bed rest on insulin sensitivity and substrate utilization, in younger and older healthy subjects.Methods: Twelve healthy subjects underwent hyperinsulinaemic, normoglucaemic clamps and indirect calorimetry before and after 3 days of bed rest and low caloric feeding. Six of the subjects underwent a second study with 3 days of low caloric feeding without bed rest.Results: Insulin sensitivity decreased by 57+/-16 % after low caloric feeding combined with bed rest, with no difference between age groups, and by 56+/-9% after low caloric feeding only. Glucose oxidation decreased, while fat oxidation increased. No significant differences were seen between age groups or between the protocols.Conclusions: Low caloric feeding, a commonly used nutritional routine in clinical practice, induce marked alterations in insulin sensitivity and substrate utilization. Increasing age or bed rest did not seem to influence this development. These findings suggest that the routine low caloric feeding is capable of contributing to postoperative insulin resistance.
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| 8. |
- Wille-Jørgensen, P., et al.
(författare)
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An interim analysis of recruitment to the COLOFOL trial
- 2009
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Ingår i: Colorectal Disease. - : Wiley. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318. ; 10, s. 756-758
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To analyse the ongoing process of recruiting patients into a multicenter randomized trial on follow-up after curative surgery for colorectal cancer. The trial is registered in Clinical Trials Registration. METHOD: Prospective registration of all operated patients as well as inclusions (curative resection, stage II or III disease, RESULTS: Between January 2006 and September 2007, 1309 patients have been operated upon. Of these 502 (38.3 %) met the inclusion criteria, 148 (29.5%) had exclusion criteria. Of the final eligible patients 241 (68.1%) were randomized. No specific barriers to inclusion were identified. CONCLUSION: Of an overall population of patients operated for colorectal cancer about one in five were randomized. Bearing the rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria in mind, this is considered satisfactory, and the investigated population may be representative of patients meeting the inclusion criteria.
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