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- Madsen, Lynette D, et al.
(författare)
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Texture of Al thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering onto epitaxial W(001)
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 87:1, s. 168-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highly textured epitaxial metallizations will be required for the next generation of devices with the main driving force being a reduction in electromigration. Herein a model system of 190 nm of Al on a 140 nm layer of W grown on MgO less than 00l greater than substrates was studied. The W layer was less than 00l greater than oriented and rotated 45 degrees with respect to the MgO substrate to minimize the misfit; the remaining strain was accommodated by dislocations, evident in transmission electron microscopy images. From high-resolution x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, the out-of-plane lattice parameter was determined to be 3.175 Angstrom, and the in-plane parameter was 3.153 Angstrom, i.e., the W film sustained a strain resulting in a tetragonal distortion of the lattice. XRD pole figures showed that the Al had four fold symmetry and two dominant orientations, less than 016 greater than and less than 3 9 11 greater than, which were twinned with multiple placements on the epitaxial W layer. The driving force for the tilted less than 001 greater than and less than 011 greater than orientations of Al on W is due to strain minimization through lattice matching. These results show that less than 00l greater than Al deposited at ambient conditions onto W is difficult to achieve and implies that electromigration difficulties are inherent.
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- Paskova, Tanja, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of growth rate on the structure of thick GaN layers grown by HVPE
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Crystal Growth. - 0022-0248 .- 1873-5002. ; 208:1, s. 18-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thick GaN films grown by hydride vapour phase epitaxy have been investigated by cathodoluminecsence, X-ray diffraction, and photoluminescence. Cross-sectional studies of thick GaN layers grown on sapphire without buffers reveal three zones: a highly disordered interface region, a columnar defective region and a good quality main region of the layer. The influence of the highly doped columnar region on the surface morphology and crystal structure of the layers has been studied. We show that the columnar region influences the material quality more strongly in thinner films. Thicker layers exhibit improved morphology with lower surface pit density and better crystal quality shown in photoluminescence and X-ray diffraction spectra. The relationship between the near-interface columnar structures and surface pits is revealed. A strong effect of the growth rate on the structure of thick layers is found. The results suggest that GaN layers with optimum crystalline quality may be obtained by varying the growth rate during growth.
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- Sellgren, C. M., et al.
(författare)
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GRK3 deficiency elicits brain immune activation and psychosis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 26, s. 6820-6832
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) family member protein GRK3 has been linked to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Expression, as well as protein levels, of GRK3 are reduced in post-mortem prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia subjects. Here, we investigate functional behavior and neurotransmission related to immune activation and psychosis using mice lacking functional Grk3 and utilizing a variety of methods, including behavioral, biochemical, electrophysiological, molecular, and imaging methods. Compared to wildtype controls, the Grk3(-/-) mice show a number of aberrations linked to psychosis, including elevated brain levels of IL-1 beta, increased turnover of kynurenic acid (KYNA), hyper-responsiveness to D-amphetamine, elevated spontaneous firing of midbrain dopamine neurons, and disruption in prepulse inhibition. Analyzing human genetic data, we observe a link between psychotic features in bipolar disorder, decreased GRK expression, and increased concentration of CSF KYNA. Taken together, our data suggest that Grk3(-/-) mice show face and construct validity relating to the psychosis phenotype with glial activation and would be suitable for translational studies of novel immunomodulatory agents in psychotic disorders.
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- Björk Brämberg, E, et al.
(författare)
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Prevention of sick leave at the workplace : design of a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a problem-solving intervention among employees with common mental disorders
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BMC. - 1471-2458. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Common mental disorders are highly prevalent in the working population, affecting about 1 in 5 persons in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. About 30% of those affected have a first period of sick leave. Despite several attempts to reduce the risk of sick leave among employees with common mental disorders, there is a lack of knowledge about effective, preventive interventions which aim to reduce such risks. This protocol describes the design of a study to evaluate the effectiveness of a problem-solving intervention delivered by first-line managers to employees with common mental disorders on the prevention of sick leave during the 12-month follow-up.METHODS/DESIGN: The study applies a two-armed cluster-randomized trial design of a problem-solving intervention conducted in private-sector companies. First-line managers are randomized into intervention- or control groups by computer-generated random numbers, allocation ratio 1:1. Employees are eligible if at risk for future sick leave due to common mental disorders. These are identified by self-reported psychological health measured by the General Health Questionnaire 12-item, cut-off ≥3, or a positive answer to risk of sick leave. The intervention is based on problem-solving principles. It involves the training of the first-line managers who then deliver the intervention to employees identified at risk of sick leave. First-line managers in the control group receives a lecture. Primary outcome is number of registered days of sick leave due to common mental disorders during the 12-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes are general health, psychological symptoms, work performance, work ability and psychosocial work environment. A process evaluation will examine the intervention's reach, fidelity, dose delivered, dose received, satisfaction and context. Research assistants managing the screening procedure, outcome assessors and employees are blinded to randomization and allocation.DISCUSSION: The study includes analyses of the intervention's effectiveness and an alongside process evaluation. Methodological strengths and limitations, for example the risk of selection bias, attrition and risk of contamination are discussed.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04975750 Date of registration: 08/16/2021.
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- Hanson, Maj, 1939, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of post-annealing on the properties of Fe50Pt50 film and submicron size particles
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-8853. ; 272-276:SUPPL. 1, s. e1297-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The magnetic properties of a 48 nm thick Fe50Pt50 film and submicron size elements made of the film were investigated. The initial film was grown by DC magnetron sputtering and post-annealed during 30 min at 300°C. Arrays of circular dots with diameters d = 200, 300 and 550 nm and a reference sample (diameter 1.7mm) were made of the film by electron lithography and Ar ion milling. After structural analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and characterization by magnetization measurements and magnetic force microscopy, all samples were further annealed during 30min at 600°C. The XRD scans show that this led to an improvement of the crystalline quality in all samples, to a degree depending on the size of the dots. Both the structural and magnetic measurements imply that after the second heat treatment all samples have the easy magnetocrystalline direction (c-axis) mainly in the plane of the film, while the initial structures were characterized by a random distribution of c-axes.
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