| 1. |
- Rockström, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
A safe operating space for humanity
- 2013
-
Ingår i: The Future of Nature. - : Yale University Press. - 9780300184617 ; , s. 491-501
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 2. |
- Chumak, Tetyana, 1982, et al.
(författare)
-
Maternal n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Enriched Diet Commands Fatty Acid Composition in Postnatal Brain and Protects from Neonatal Arterial Focal Stroke
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Translational Stroke Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1868-4483 .- 1868-601X. ; 13:3, s. 449-461
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fetus is strongly dependent on nutrients from the mother, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In adult animals, n-3 PUFA ameliorates stroke-mediated brain injury, but the modulatory effects of different PUFA content in maternal diet on focal arterial stroke in neonates are unknown. This study explored effects of maternal n-3 or n-6 enriched PUFA diets on neonatal stroke outcomes. Pregnant mice were assigned three isocaloric diets until offspring reached postnatal day (P) 10-13: standard, long-chain n-3 PUFA (n-3) or n-6 PUFA (n-6) enriched. Fatty acid profiles in plasma and brain of mothers and pups were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and cytokines/chemokines by multiplex protein analysis. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was induced in P9-10 pups and cytokine and chemokine accumulation, caspase-3 and calpain-dependent spectrin cleavage and brain infarct volume were analyzed. The n-3 diet uniquely altered brain lipid profile in naive pups. In contrast, cytokine and chemokine levels did not differ between n-3 and n-6 diet in naive pups. tMCAO triggered accumulation of inflammatory cytokines and caspase-3-dependent and -independent cell death in ischemic-reperfused regions in pups regardless of diet, but magnitude of neuroinflammation and caspase-3 activation were attenuated in pups on n-3 diet, leading to protection against neonatal stroke. In conclusion, maternal/postnatal n-3 enriched diet markedly rearranges neonatal brain lipid composition and modulates the response to ischemia. While standard diet is sufficient to maintain low levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines under physiological conditions, n-3 PUFA enriched diet, but not standard diet, attenuates increases of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in ischemic-reperfused regions and protects from neonatal stroke.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Richardson, Sarah J., et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of the fidelity of immunolabelling obtained with clone 5D8/1, a monoclonal antibody directed against the enteroviral capsid protein, VP1, in human pancreas
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 57:2, s. 392-401
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesisEnteroviral infection has been implicated in the development of islet autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes and enteroviral antigen expression has been detected by immunohistochemistry in the pancreatic beta cells of patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. However, the immunohistochemical evidence relies heavily on the use of a monoclonal antibody, clone 5D8/1, raised against an enteroviral capsid protein, VP1. Recent data suggest that the clone 5D8/1 may also recognise non-viral antigens; in particular, a component of the mitochondrial ATP synthase (ATP5B) and an isoform of creatine kinase (CKB). Therefore, we evaluated the fidelity of immunolabelling by clone 5D8/1 in the islets of patients with type 1 diabetes.MethodsEnteroviral VP1, CKB and ATP5B expression were analysed by western blotting, RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry in a range of cultured cell lines, isolated human islets and human tissue.ResultsClone 5D8/1 labelled CKB, but not ATP5B, on western blots performed under denaturing conditions. In cultured human cell lines, isolated human islets and pancreas sections from patients with type 1 diabetes, the immunolabelling of ATP5B, CKB and VP1 by 5D8/1 was readily distinguishable. Moreover, in a human tissue microarray displaying more than 80 different cells and tissues, only two (stomach and colon; both of which are potential sites of enterovirus infection) were immunopositive when stained with clone 5D8/1.Conclusions/interpretationWhen used under carefully optimised conditions, the immunolabelling pattern detected in sections of human pancreas with clone 5D8/1 did not reflect cross-reactivity with either ATP5B or CKB. Rather, 5D8/1 is likely to be representative of enteroviral antigen expression.
|
|
| 5. |
- Seitzinger, Sybil P., et al.
(författare)
-
Planetary Stewardship in an Urbanizing World : Beyond City Limits
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 41:8, s. 787-794
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cities are rapidly increasing in importance as a major factor shaping the Earth system, and therefore, must take corresponding responsibility. With currently over half the world's population, cities are supported by resources originating from primarily rural regions often located around the world far distant from the urban loci of use. The sustainability of a city can no longer be considered in isolation from the sustainability of human and natural resources it uses from proximal or distant regions, or the combined resource use and impacts of cities globally. The world's multiple and complex environmental and social challenges require interconnected solutions and coordinated governance approaches to planetary stewardship. We suggest that a key component of planetary stewardship is a global system of cities that develop sustainable processes and policies in concert with its non-urban areas. The potential for cities to cooperate as a system and with rural connectivity could increase their capacity to effect change and foster stewardship at the planetary scale and also increase their resource security.
|
|
| 6. |
- Abbasi, Morteza, 1982, et al.
(författare)
-
Single-Chip 220-GHz Active Heterodyne Receiver and Transmitter MMICs With On-Chip Integrated Antenna
- 2011
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. - 0018-9480 .- 1557-9670. ; 59:2, s. 466-478
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the design and characterization of single-chip 220-GHz heterodyne receiver (RX) and transmitter (TX) monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) with integrated antennas fabricated in 0.1-mu m GaAs metamorphic high electron-mobility transistor technology. The MMIC receiver consists of a modified square-slot antenna, a three-stage low-noise amplifier, and a sub-harmonically pumped resistive mixer with on-chip local oscillator frequency multiplication chain. The transmitter chip is the dual of the receiver chip by inverting the direction of the RF amplifier. The chips are mounted on 5-mm silicon lenses in order to interface the antenna to the free space and are packaged into two separate modules. The double-sideband noise figure (NF) and conversion gain of the receiver module are measured with the Y-factor method. The total noise temperature of 1310 +/- 100K(corresponding to an NF of 7.4 dB), including the losses in the lens and antenna, is measured at 220 GHz with a respective conversion gain of 3.5 dB. The radiated continuous-wave power from the transmitter module is measured to be up to -6 dBm from 212 to 226 GHz. The transmitter and receiver are linked in a quasi-optical setup and the IF to IF response is measured to be flat up to 10 GHz. This is verified to be usable for transmission of a 12.5-Gb/s data stream between the transmit and receive modules over a 0.5-m wireless link. The modules operate with a 1.3-V supply and each consume 110-mW dc power. The presented 220-GHz integrated circuits and modules can be used in a variety of applications, including passive and active imaging, as well as high-speed data communications. To the best of our knowledge, these MMICs are the highest frequency single-chip low-noise heterodyne receiver and transmitter pair reported to date.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ahlström, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
An Earth system law perspective on governing social-hydrological systems in the Anthropocene
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Earth System Governance. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-8116. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global hydrological cycle is characterized by complex interdependencies and self-regulating feedbacks that keep water in an ever-evolving state of flux at local, regional, and global levels. Increasingly, the scale of human impacts in the Anthropocene is altering the dynamics of this cycle, which presents additional challenges for water governance. Earth system law provides an important approach for addressing gaps in governance that arise from the mismatch between the global hydrological cycle and dispersed regulatory architecture across institutions and geographic regions. In this article, we articulate the potential for Earth system law to account for core hydrological problems that complicate water governance, including delay, redistribution, intertwinements, permanence, and scale. Through merging concepts from Earth system law with existing policy and legal principles, we frame an approach for addressing hydrological problems in the Anthropocene and strengthening institutional fit between established governance systems and the global hydrological cycle. We discuss how such an approach can be applied, and the challenges and implications for governing water as a cycle and complex social-hydrological system, both in research and practice.
|
|
| 8. |
- Cantwell-Jones, Aoife, et al.
(författare)
-
Mapping trait versus species turnover reveals spatiotemporal variation in functional redundancy and network robustness in a plant-pollinator community
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Functional Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0269-8463 .- 1365-2435. ; 37:3, s. 748-762
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Functional overlap among species (redundancy) is considered important in shaping competitive and mutualistic interactions that determine how communities respond to environmental change. Most studies view functional redundancy as static, yet traits within species—which ultimately shape functional redundancy—can vary over seasonal or spatial gradients. We therefore have limited understanding of how trait turnover within and between species could lead to changes in functional redundancy or how loss of traits could differentially impact mutualistic interactions depending on where and when the interactions occur in space and time. Using an Arctic bumblebee community as a case study, and 1277 individual measures from 14 species over three annual seasons, we quantified how inter- and intraspecific body-size turnover compared to species turnover with elevation and over the season. Coupling every individual and their trait with a plant visitation, we investigated how grouping individuals by a morphological trait or by species identity altered our assessment of network structure and how this differed in space and time. Finally, we tested how the sensitivity of the network in space and time differed when simulating extinction of nodes representing either morphological trait similarity or traditional species groups. This allowed us to explore the degree to which trait-based groups increase or decrease interaction redundancy relative to species-based nodes. We found that (i) groups of taxonomically and morphologically similar bees turn over in space and time independently from each other, with trait turnover being larger over the season; (ii) networks composed of nodes representing species versus morphologically similar bees were structured differently; and (iii) simulated loss of bee trait groups caused faster coextinction of bumblebee species and flowering plants than when bee taxonomic groups were lost. Crucially, the magnitude of these effects varied in space and time, highlighting the importance of considering spatiotemporal context when studying the relative importance of taxonomic and trait contributions to interaction network architecture. Our finding that functional redundancy varies spatiotemporally demonstrates how considering the traits of individuals within networks is needed to understand the impacts of environmental variation and extinction on ecosystem functioning and resilience. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
|
|
| 9. |
- Cao, Hao, et al.
(författare)
-
Dibutyl phthalate exposure disrupts conserved circadian rhythm signaling systems in Drosophila
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Due to their common use as industrial plasticizers, agents in cosmetics and inclusion in skin care products, people are constantly exposed to phthalate xenobiotics. Although much research has focused on their ability to disrupt endocrine signaling, leading to developmental, reproductive and metabolic defects, how phthalates interfere with these biological functions is still unclear. Using whole transcriptome analysis, we demonstrate that exposing the genetically-tractable model system Drosophila melanogaster to the xenobiotic Dibutyl Pthalate (DBP) throughout development interferes with neuronal systems associated with vision and circadian rhythm. Of note, while DBP did not influence with eye development, it inhibited the expression of signaling systems regulating vision, including Rhodopsin 5 (Rh5) and Rhodopsin 6 (Rh6), two light-sensing G-protein coupled receptors involved in the daily resetting of circadian rhythm. Furthermore, DBP influenced the expression of genes central to circadian rhythm regulation, including vrille (vri, human NFIL3), timeless (tim, human TIMELESS), period (per, human PER3) and Pigment-dispersing factor (Pdf). Finally, we demonstrate that DBP disrupts circadian rhythm by interacting with the evolutionarily conserved nuclear receptor Hormone receptor-like in 38 (Hr38, human NR4A2), which in turn regulates Pdf expression. Our results are the first to provide comprehensive evidence that DBP interferes with the circadian rhythm system.
|
|
| 10. |
- Downing, Andrea S., et al.
(författare)
-
Learning from generations of sustainability concepts
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 15:8
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: For decades, scientists have attempted to provide a sustainable development framework that integrates goals of environmental protection and human development. The Planetary Boundaries concept (PBc)-a framework to guide sustainable development-juxtaposes a 'safe operating space for humanity' and 'planetary boundaries', to achieve a goal that decades of research have yet to meet. We here investigate if PBc is sufficiently different to previous sustainability concepts to have the intended impact, and map how future sustainability concept developments might make a difference. Design: We build a genealogy of the research that is cited in and informs PBc. We analyze this genealogy with the support of two seminal and a new consumer-resource models, that provide simple and analytically tractable analogies to human-environment relationships. These models bring together environmental limits, minimum requirements for populations and relationships between resource-limited and waste-limited environments. Results: PBc is based on coherent knowledge about sustainability that has been in place in scientific and policy contexts since the 1980s. PBc represents the ultimate framing of limits to the use of the environment, as limits not to single resources, but to Holocene-like Earth system dynamics. Though seldom emphasized, the crux of the limits to sustainable environmental dynamics lies in waste (mis-)management, which sets where boundary values might be. Minimum requirements for populations are under-defined: it is the distribution of resources, opportunities and waste that shape what is a safe space and for whom. Discussion: We suggest that PBc is not different or innovative enough to break 'Cassandra's dilemma' and ensure scientific research effectively guides humanity towards sustainable development. For this, key issues of equality must be addressed, un-sustainability must be framed as a problem of today, rather than projected into the future, and scientific foundations of frameworks such as PBc must be broadened and diversified.
|
|
