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- Akner, Gunnar, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Vi står gärna bakom en utfallsbaserad vård
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dagens Samhälle. - 1652-6511.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Jörgen Nordenström försöker få det till att vår kritik av värdebaserad vård egentligen handlar om att vi vill ha mer resurser. Han har helt missuppfattat oss, skriver 26 specialistläkare i en replik.
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- Andersson, Peter, 1957-
(författare)
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Surgery and anorectal function in Crohn's colitis
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study concerns surgery in Crohn's disease, particularly Crohn's colitis, its relation to medical treatment, symptomatic load, perceived health, quality of life, outcome on anorectal function and also anorectal physiologic conditions.Four hundred and thirty-two patients treated at the University Hospital, Linköping from 1970 to 1997 were included in the study. Operations and medical treatment were retrospectively reviewed, whereas symptomatic load, perceived health, quality of life, function outcome and anorectal physiology were prospectively evaluated.In a cross-sectional analysis of all patients surveilled 1995 the annual incidence of surgery was 5.7% in a population-based cohort and 10.3% in referred patients. Medical maintenance treatment was used in 61 and 55% respectively. This led to 89% of the patients being in clinical remission or having only mild symptoms and to a large proportion with a perception of good health. The treatment was paralleled by a low rate of septic and surgical complications.Surgical treatment of Crohn's colitis prior to 1990 mainly implied colectomy or proctocolectomy and thereafter almost exclusively segmental resection. The creation of a permanent stoma decreased and was rarely needed at the end of the study period when the annual risk was 0.23%. This development was basically due to a deliberate change in surgical attitude aiming at introducing similar treatment principles as for small bowel Crohn's disease With limited resections and preservation of transanal defecation. The reduced colectomy rate may have been facilitated by the introduction of immunosuppressive medical treatment as a reduction of colectomies tended to be associated with medical maintenance treatment during the later part of the study. Time from diagnosis to surgery was prolonged and stricture replaced active disease as the major indication for surgery. Symptomatic load and anorectal function outcome were better after segmental resection without the expense of an increased reresection rate. Seventy percent of patients with Crohn's colitis were in clinical remission and these patients scored quality of life similar to the general population but patients with active disease scored worse in all indexed aspects. The need of immunosuppression or previous surgery was not related to quality of life except when operated with a permanent stoma which negatively influenced psychological well being.Anorectal physiology in Crohn's disease differed from controls with increased anal resting pressures and increased rectal sensitivity. This provides possible prerequisites for later development of anal pathology such as fissures and fistulas.The study indicates that the concept oflimited surgery is applicable also in Crohn's colitis with obvious benefits for the patients. A treatment concept including medical maintenance treatment and limited resections implies that the vast majority of patients with Crohn's disease may live with only minor symptoms and minimal risk of having a permanent stoma, factors associated with a quality of life similar to that of the general population.
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- Bark, Tor, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial translocation after non-lethal hemorrhage in the rat
- 1993
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Ingår i: Circulatory Shock. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0092-6213. ; 41:1, s. 60-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Translocation of enteric bacteria has been suggested to compromise patients in severe catabolic stress. Mechanisms for this route of infection are not known. In this study, ratswere subjected to hemorrhage without reinfusion during 60 min, total blood loss was 3.28 +/- 0.14 ml/100 g BW. Control groups consisted of sham-operated animals without bleeding, and rats not operated at all. The mean number of viable bacteria found in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of bled animals was 168 +/- 45 colony forming units (c.f.u./MLN), significantly higher compared to sham operated (5 +/- 3 c.f.u./MLN) and not operated (0 +/- 0 c.f.u./MLN) controls (P < 0.01). Cultures from MLN were positive in 7/9 rats after bleeding, in 3/9 of sham operated, and in 0/6 of non-instrumented control animals. No positive blood cultures were isolated. Escherichia coli was the dominant species found in MLN. A biochemical fingerprinting method (the PhP system) was used to identify translocating strains of E. coli among strains found in cecum. The method was also used to compare translocating strains between different animals. Our findings reveal that bacteria translocate to MLN after hemorrhage. Some phenotypes of E. coli strains translocate more frequently than others, suggesting that they have properties facilitating translocation.
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| 7. |
- Bark, Tor, et al.
(författare)
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Food deprivation increases bacterial translocation after non-lethal haemorrhage in rats
- 1995
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgery. - : Taylor & Francis Scandinavia. - 1102-4151 .- 1741-9271. ; 161:2, s. 67-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether brief fasting before the induction of hypotension by non-lethal haemorrhage may induce translocation of enteric bacteria to mesenteric lymph nodes or blood in rats.DESIGN:Laboratory experiment.SETTING:University departments of surgery and microbiology, Sweden.MATERIAL:39 Male Sprague-Dawley rats.INTERVENTIONS:20 animals were fasted for 24 hours, all 39 then underwent controlled haemorrhage for 60 minutes that reduced the blood pressure to 55 mm Hg.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Differences in blood loss, blood glucose concentrations, and packed cell volume; and aerobic cultures of mesenteric lymph nodes and blood.RESULTS:Fasted rats (n = 20) lost 2.3% of blood volume compared with 2.8% in fed rats(p < 0.001). Packed cell volume dropped by 11.3% in fasted rats and 16.5% in fed rats (p < 0.001). Glucose concentrations rose by 7.0 mmol/l in fasted rats compared with 21.0 mmol/l in fed rats (p < 0.001). Mesenteric lymph nodes contained enteric bacteria in 14/20 fasted rats compared with 6/19 fed rats (p < 0.05). In 4 fasted rats blood cultures grew pathogenic bacteria compared with no fed rats (p = 0.11). The number of bacteria found in mesenteric lymph nodes was significantly greater in fasted than in fed rats (p = 0.01).CONCLUSIONS:Brief fasting before hypotension caused by non-lethal haemorrhage was associated with significantly increased bacterial translocation compared with fed animals. Increases in blood glucose concentrations and plasma refill may have had a protective effect in fed rats. These experiments may be of clinical relevance as elective operations are usually preceded by overnight fasting.
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| 8. |
- Bark, Tor, et al.
(författare)
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Glutamine supplementation does not prevent bacterial translocation after non-lethal haemorrhage in rats
- 1995
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgery. - : Taylor & Francis Scandinavia. - 1102-4151 .- 1741-9271. ; 161:1, s. 3-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:To find out whether supplementation of an enteral diet with glutamine would reduce translocation of bacteria to mesenteric lymph nodes or blood after major haemorrhage in rats.DESIGN:Open randomised study.SETTING:University departments of surgery and microbiology, Sweden.MATERIAL:49 Sprague-Dawley rats.INTERVENTIONS:Rats were fed enterally for 7 days on diets supplemented with either glutamine or an isonitrogenous amount of non-essential amino acids. After feeding, 8 experimental and 8 control rats underwent sham operation; 9 and 7, respectively, underwent moderate haemorrhage (to 65 mm Hg); and 9 and 8, respectively, underwent severe haemorrhage (50 mm Hg) without reinfusion.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Microbiological analyses of samples of blood and mesenteric lymph nodes taken 24 hours after haemorrhage.RESULTS:The median (interquartile) number of colony forming units/mesenteric lymph nodes after moderate haemorrhage in animals who were given glutamine supplementation was 11 (0-34) and in control animals 20 (0-178). After severe haemorrhage the corresponding figures were 199 (10-310) and 22 (0-187). No pathogens were isolated from blood cultures.CONCLUSION:Glutamine supplementation before haemorrhage did not reduce bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes in this rat model.
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- Gustafsson, Ulla-Maria, 1957-
(författare)
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Anal Fistula : Aspects of Aetiology, Diagnosis and Prognosis After Surgical Treatment
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Patients with idiopathic anal fistula (n=85) were compared with 215 control subjects, matched for age and sex, through a 180-item questionnaire. Obesity, smoking, constipation and bowel symptoms associated with IBS were more common in the patients.Endoanal ultrasound (EUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compared in the preoperative evaluation of anal fistula in 23 patients. For classifying the primary tract, EUS and surgical findings agreed in 14 cases, and MRI and surgery for 11: for identifying an internal opening, the corresponding figures were 17 and 10.Healing and sphincter function were studied in 42 patients operated with fistula excision and closure of the internal opening. Twenty-three patients healed primarily and another 10 after one re-operation, whereas nine required further surgery until healed. Anal resting pressure was reduced after three and 12 months, and squeeze pressure after 12 months.Eighty-three patients were randomised to surgery with or without application of gentamicin-collagen underneath the flap: 26/42 of patients randomised to gentamicin-collagen healed primarily compared with 21/41 of patients randomised to surgery only (n.s).Micro perfusion in the flap was studied by laser Doppler flowmetry during surgery in 16 patients. No correlation was seen between change in blood flow during surgery and non-healing/recurrence of the fistula.In conclusion, obesity, functional bowel symptoms and possibly smoking are more common in patients with idiopathic anal fistula than in the general population. Endoanal ultrasound is a useful tool in the preoperative evaluation of anal fistula. Advancement flap repair has a reasonably high primary recurrence rate and healing is not significantly improved by local application of gentamicin-collagen: impaired intraoperative blood perfusion of the flap is an unlikely reason for non-healing. A decrease in continence occurs also after this kind of surgery, probably due to an impaired internal anal sphincter function.
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