| 1. |
- Wredle, Ewa, et al.
(författare)
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Feeding and Manual Brushing Influence the Release of Oxytocin, ACTH and Cortisol Differently During Milking in Dairy Cows
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-4548 .- 1662-453X. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimThis study aimed to examine the effects of feeding or abdominal brushing on the release of the hormones oxytocin, ACTH and cortisol during milking in dairy cows. MethodsTwelve cows in early lactation were used (2 x 2 factorial experimental design), testing the effects of two types of sensory stimulation during milking over a 3 day period; feeding concentrate or manual abdominal brushing (1 stroke/s). Blood samples for hormone analyses were collected at time at -15, -1, 0 (onset of cluster), every min for 8 min, at 10, 12, 14, 16, 30, and 60 min. Hormone levels were assayed and AUC was calculated. ResultsMilking was associated with an immediate and significant rise of oxytocin. When milking was combined with feeding, significantly higher levels of oxytocin were observed at 2 and 4 mins (p < 0.05). No effect of brushing on oxytocin levels was observed. Milking alone was associated with a significant rise of ACTH levels. Feeding in connection with milking reduced the immediate rise of ACTH levels (p < 0.05) and AUC (p < 0.02), whereas no effects of brushing were found. Milking caused a progressive rise of cortisol levels. Concomitant feeding did not influence cortisol levels, whereas brushing significantly decreased cortisol levels at 1, 5 and 14 mins after onset of milking (p < 0.05). ConclusionFeeding increases oxytocin release in response to milking and decreases ACTH levels. Abdominal brushing did not influence these variables, but decreased cortisol levels. These data demonstrate that activation of afferent vagal nerve fibres and of cutaneous sensory nerves originating from the abdominal skin in front of the udder influence milking related hormone release differently.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Clemensson Lindell, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence for hygiene testing of rubber liners and tubes on dairy farms
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 0022-0302 .- 1525-3198. ; 101, s. 2438-2447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prevention of biofilm formation in milking equipment is important to ensure good hygiene quality of raw milk. Key factors to achieving good results are a successful cleaning procedure and a method to check the cleanliness of milking equipment surfaces. Adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence is a fast and easy method for investigating bacterial contamination of surfaces. However, previous studies on the potential of ATP bioluminescence to assess the hygiene status of milking equipment have been hampered by lack of a validated test procedure. The aim of this work was therefore to establish a test procedure for assessing the cleanliness of milking equipment using ATP bioluminescence, and apply the method on-farm to study the hygiene status of aging rubber material in milking equipment. In developing the test procedure, the effects of sampling location in tubes and liners, sampling of dry versus wet barrels, milking point in the parlor, and acid or alkali detergent on ATP values were investigated. The results showed that, to obtain reproducible results, replicate sampling from the same milking points in the parlor is important. For milk tubes, samples should preferably be taken from the milk meter side, for liners on the inside of the barrel. For best results, sampling should be performed after use of alkali detergent. No beneficial effect was observed of sampling dry liner barrels, so sampling in the standardized test procedure is performed directly after cleaning. The standardized test procedure was used on 3 different commercial farms and sampling was initiated after replacement of old rubber parts. On one of the farms, additional sampling was performed to evaluate total bacteria count and determine the association with ATP level. The results suggest that, provided an efficient cleaning procedure is used, the hygiene quality of milking equipment can be maintained during the recommended lifetime of the rubberware. However, due to occasional variation in cleaning efficiency between milking points and liner barrels, random sampling on single occasions can lead to incorrect conclusions. Replicate sampling over time is therefore important for correct interpretation of ATP bioluminescence data. If ATP levels are very high, complementary sampling for total bacteria count should be used to verify that the level is due to bacterial contamination, and not other organic ATP-contributing material (e.g., milk residues).
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| 4. |
- Ferneborg, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of automatic cluster removal and feeding during milking on milking efficiency, milk yield and milk fat quality
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Research. - 0022-0299 .- 1469-7629. ; 83, s. 180-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to increase milking efficiency, the effects of two different cluster take-off levels (200 and 800 g/min) and feeding vs. not feeding during milking were tested in a Latin square design study including 32 cows. Milk yield, milking time, milk flow and milking interval were measured and milk samples were analysed for gross composition, sodium and potassium concentration, free fatty acid (FFA) content, milk fat globule (MFG) size, MFG membrane (MFGM) material and fatty acid composition. Residual milk was harvested to evaluate udder emptying. Increasing the take-off level from 200 to 800 g/min at the whole udder level decreased milking time and increased harvest flow. Udder emptying decreased slightly, but there were no effects on milk yield, FFA content or MFGM. There were interactive effects of take-off level and feeding during milking on content of fatty acids C4:0, C6:0, C16:0, C18:3(n-3) and C20:0. Feeding during milking increased milk yield per day and decreased milking interval. Sodium and potassium concentrations in milk were unaffected by treatments, indicating no loss of tight junction integrity. From these results, it is clear that feeding during milking should be used to increase milk yield and improve milking efficiency, regardless of take-off level used, and that the effect of feeding is more pronounced when a low take-off level is used. Feeding seemed to counteract the effects of the low take-off level on milking time and milking interval. Low take-off levels can therefore be used in combination with feeding.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ferneborg, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Milking time and risk of over-milking can be decreased with early teat cup removal based on udder quarter milk flow without loss in milk yield
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 0022-0302 .- 1525-3198. ; 100, s. 6640-6647
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing the milk flow rate at which milking is terminated can shorten milking time and increase milking efficiency. The effects on milk yield and composition have not been fully investigated when the take-off is set at the udder quarter level and independent of feeding during milking. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 3 take-off levels at the udder quarter level (0.06, 0.3, and 0.48 kg/min) applied with or without feeding during milking on milking time, milk yield, the degree of udder emptying, milk composition, and free fatty acids. In this study, 30 cows were allocated into 6 groups, balanced by lactation number, lactation stage, and milk yield, and subjected to a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments using a Latin square design. Treatments were applied for 1 wk each. This study demonstrated milking time could be reduced by applying up to a take-off level of 0.48 kg/min on udder quarter level without losing milk yield or compromising milk composition or udder health.
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| 7. |
- Ferneborg, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of pulsation ratio on teat condition, milk somatic cell count and productivity in dairy cows in automatic milking
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Research. - 0022-0299 .- 1469-7629. ; 82, s. 453-459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pulsation ratio of a milking machine affects milk flow and milking time, and has also been reported to influence teat condition and milk somatic cell count (SCC). However, most studies comparing pulsation ratios have been performed on conventional cluster milking (whole-udder level), where effects such as deteriorated teat end condition and increased milk SCC are likely to be caused by over-milking on teats that are emptied faster than the other teats. When the teat cups are detached from each udder quarter separately which can be done in automatic milking systems (AMS), the risk of over-milking, especially in front teats, may be significantly reduced. This study investigated the effects of pulsation ratio on teat end condition, milk SCC, milk yield, milking time and milk flow in an automatic milking system where each udder quarter is milked separately. In total, 356 cows on five commercial farms were included in a split-udder design experiment comparing three pulsation ratios (60:40, 70:30 and 75:25) with the standard pulsation ratio (65:35) during 6 weeks. Pulsation rate was 60 cycles/min and vacuum level 46 kPa. The 70:30 and 75:25 ratios increased peak and average milk flow and the machine-on time was shorter with 75:25, while both peak and average milk flows were lower and machine-on time was longer with the 60:40 ratio. No negative effects on teat condition or milk SCC were observed with any of the pulsation ratios applied during the study. Thus it is possible that increased pulsation ratio can be used to increase milking efficiency in AMS where quarter milking is applied.
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| 8. |
- Ferneborg, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of pulstation ratios on teat and udder health and productivity in dairy cows in AMS
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of pulsation ratios on teat and udder health and productivity in dairy cows in AMS Ferneborg, Sabine and Svennersten Sjaunja, Kerstin. Kungsängens Research Centre, Sw. Univ. Agric. Sci., SE-753 23 Uppsala, Sweden The pulsation ratio of a milking machine affects not only milk flow and milking time, but has also been reported to cause oedema in the teats and increased somatic cell count. However, most of the studies comparing pulsation ratios have been performed on traditional cluster milking, and the effects are likely to be caused by over milking. A large part of the milking today is performed on quarter level using automatic milking systems (AMS), where the risk of over milking is reduced. The aim of this project was to investigate the effects of different pulsation ratios on teat and udder health, productivity and milking parameters in AMS, where each quarter is individually milked. 356 cows on 5 privately owned farms were included in the study, which was performed in a split-udder design where three pulsation ratios; 60:40, 70:30 and 75:25 were compared to the standard pulsation 65:35. Teat score and teat thickness were measured on three occasions during the trial. Milk samples were taken from strip milk for the analysis of milk SCC. Milk yield, milking time and milk flow were registered automatically by the AMS for each milking. All statistical analysis was performed on the differences between control and treated fore- and hind quarter respectively. Data was analyzed using procedures MIXED and GLIMMIX in SAS 9.3. The MIXED model included the fixed effects of treatment and week, as well as treatment by week interaction and the random effect of cow. We found that the pulsation ratios 70:30 and 75:25 increased peak and average flow, and that machine-on-time was shorter on 75:25, while both peak and average flow were lower and machine-on-time shorter on 60:40. We found no support for negative effects on teat or udder health from any of the pulsation ratios applied, and do therefore conclude that increased pulsation ratios can be used to increase productivity in automatic milking systems where quarter milking is applied.
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| 9. |
- Forsbäck, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Day-to-day variation in milk yield and milk composition at udder quarter level
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 0022-0302 .- 1525-3198. ; 93, s. 3569-3577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automatic in-line measurement of milk composition and milk yield could be a useful tool in management of the dairy herd. Data on milk components and milk yield provide information on milk quality alterations and cow health status but are also useful in planning feeding and breeding. In automatic milking systems, udder quarters are milked individually, enabling analysis and recording at the udder-quarter level. Frequent records of components require knowledge about day-today variations. A component with greater day-to-day variation needs more frequent sampling when used as a diagnostic tool and for management decisions. Earlier studies have described the day-to-day variations in milk components for cow composite milk, but with the quarter milking technique and the possible sampling at the udder-quarter level, knowledge about day-to-day variations at the udder-quarter level is needed. In this study, udder-quarter and cow composite milk samples were collected from 42 consecutive milkings of 10 cows during 21 d. Milk yield was recorded and the milk was analyzed for total protein, whey protein, casein, fat, lactose, and somatic cell count. The results showed that the day-to-day variations and mean values for 4 healthy udder quarters within a cow were similar. In addition, different milk components had different levels of day-to-day variation, the least variation being found in lactose (0.9%) and the greatest in fat (7.7%). This suggests that repeated milk sampling and analysis at the udder-quarter level can be used to detect alterations in composition and cow health and would, thus, be helpful in the management of the dairy herd.
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| 10. |
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