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- Winkler, TW, et al.
(författare)
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Differential and shared genetic effects on kidney function between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals
- 2022
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Ingår i: Communications biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 5:1, s. 580-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can progress to kidney failure. Risk factors include genetics and diabetes mellitus (DM), but little is known about their interaction. We conducted genome-wide association meta-analyses for estimated GFR based on serum creatinine (eGFR), separately for individuals with or without DM (nDM = 178,691, nnoDM = 1,296,113). Our genome-wide searches identified (i) seven eGFR loci with significant DM/noDM-difference, (ii) four additional novel loci with suggestive difference and (iii) 28 further novel loci (including CUBN) by allowing for potential difference. GWAS on eGFR among DM individuals identified 2 known and 27 potentially responsible loci for diabetic kidney disease. Gene prioritization highlighted 18 genes that may inform reno-protective drug development. We highlight the existence of DM-only and noDM-only effects, which can inform about the target group, if respective genes are advanced as drug targets. Largely shared effects suggest that most drug interventions to alter eGFR should be effective in DM and noDM.
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- Andersson, My, et al.
(författare)
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Optogenetic control of human neurons in organotypic brain cultures
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optogenetics is one of the most powerful tools in neuroscience, allowing for selective control of specific neuronal populations in the brain of experimental animals, including mammals. We report, for the first time, the application of optogenetic tools to human brain tissue providing a proof-of-concept for the use of optogenetics in neuromodulation of human cortical and hippocampal neurons as a possible tool to explore network mechanisms and develop future therapeutic strategies.
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- Christensen, Torben, et al.
(författare)
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Factors controlling large scale variations in methane emissions from wetlands
- 2003
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 30:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- [1] Global wetlands are, at estimate ranging 115-237 Tg CH4/yr, the largest single atmospheric source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4). We present a dataset on CH4 flux rates totaling 12 measurement years at sites from Greenland, Iceland, Scandinavia and Siberia. We find that temperature and microbial substrate availability (expressed as the organic acid concentration in peat water) combined explain almost 100% of the variations in mean annual CH4 emissions. The temperature sensitivity of the CH4 emissions shown suggests a feedback mechanism on climate change that could validate incorporation in further developments of global circulation models.
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- Ziels, Ryan, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial community adaptation influences long-chain fatty acid conversion during anaerobic codigestion of fats, oils, and grease with municipal sludge
- 2016
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Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 103, s. 372-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Codigesting fats, oils, and greases with municipal wastewater sludge can greatly improve biomethanerecovery at wastewater treatment facilities. Process loading rates of fats, oils, and greases have beenpreviously tested with little knowledge of the digester microbial community structure, and high transientfat loadings have led to long chain fatty acid (LCFA) accumulation and digester upsets. This studyutilized recently-developed quantitative PCR assays for syntrophic LCFA-degrading bacteria along with16S amplicon sequencing to relate changes in microbial community structure to LCFA accumulationduring transient loading increases to an anaerobic codigester receiving waste restaurant oil andmunicipal wastewater sludge. The 16S rRNA gene concentration of the syntrophic b-oxidizing genusSyntrophomonas increased to ~15% of the Bacteria community in the codigester, but stayed below 3% inthe control digester that was fed only wastewater sludge. Methanosaeta and Methanospirillum were thedominant methanogenic genera enriched in the codigester, and together comprised over 80% of theArchaea community by the end of the experimental period. Constrained ordination showed that changesin the codigester Bacteria and Archaea community structures were related to measures of digester performance.Notably, the effluent LCFA concentration in the codigester was positively correlated to thespecific loading rate of waste oil normalized to the Syntrophomonas 16S rRNA concentration. Specificloading rates of 0e1.5 1012 g VS oil/16S gene copies-day resulted in LCFA concentrations below 30 mg/g TS, whereas LCFA accumulated up to 104 mg/g TS at higher transient loading rates. Based on thecommunity-dependent loading limitations found, enhanced biomethane production from high loadingsof fats, oils and greases can be achieved by promoting a higher biomass of slow-growing syntrophicconsortia, such as with longer digester solids retention times. This work also demonstrates the potentialfor controlling the loading rate of fats, oils, and greases based on the analysis of the codigester communitystructure, such as with quantitative PCR measurements of syntrophic LCFA-degrading bacteriaabundance.
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