| 1. |
- Nilsson, Eva, 1963-
(författare)
-
Barn i rättens gränsland. : Om barnperspektiv vid prövning om uppehållstillstånd.
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to highlight problems regarding the status of children in determining the granting of residence permits. Central to the study are the rules contained in the Swedish Aliens Act (2005:716) about hearing children in the course of proceedings and the child’s best interests. The rules are based on Articles 3 and 12 respectively, in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). They were introduced into the Swedish legislation in 1997, after an intense debate questioning whether Sweden was meeting its obligations under the Convention. The application in aliens matters has, however, continued to be criticized after the revision of 1997, especially in matters concerning children. In 2006 a new Aliens Act came into force, involving a shift in the handling of such matters from administrative authorities and the Government to a system where appeals are tried in administrative courts. The legislation also involves comprehensive changes concerning the material legislation. The question has been raised, however, as to whether these changes have had any vital impact concerning the general construction of the material regulation. The apparent gap between the legislator’s intentions and the application of the law raises questions about the limitations of law and how the spirit and intentions of the CRC have been implemented in the Aliens Act, and, in view of this, the limits of law. The study involves an analysis of the fundamental premises that the legislation and application rest on, the general provisions of the proceedings and the technical formulation and also the material content of these rules. There is also an analysis of the impact and function of the legislation in practical applications. The conclusion is that the legislation allows extensive scope for assessing the circumstances in each case. This is the case, particularly in matters concerning children. Nevertheless, in practical applications, children often become irrelevant; children are simply not the real focus of the laws that affect them. Key words: Children’s rights, residence permit, asylum, immigration, equality, feminist perspectives. Eva Nilsson, Juridiska institutionen, Umeå universitet, 901 87 Umeå.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ekstrand, Eva-Maria, 1985-
(författare)
-
Anaerobic digestion in the kraft pulp and paper industry : Challenges and possibilities for implementation
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The pulp and paper industry is a large producer of wastewater and sludge, putting high pressure on waste treatment. In addition, more rigorous environmental legislation for pollution control and demands to increase the use of renewable energy have put further pressure on the pulp and paper industry’s waste treatment, where anaerobic digestion (AD) and the production of methane could pose a solution. Kraft pulping makes up 80% of the world production of virgin wood pulp, thus, the wastewaters from this sector represent a large unused potential for methane production.There are three main types of substrates available for AD at pulp and paper mills, the wastewaters, the primary sludge/fibre sludge, and the waste activated sludge. AD treatment of these streams has been associated with several challenges, such as the presence of inhibiting compounds or low degradability during AD. The aim of this thesis was to experimentally address these challenges and potentials, focusing on wastes from kraft mills.Methane potential batch tests showed that many wastewater streams still posed challenges to AD, but the alkaline elemental chlorine-free bleaching stream and the condensate effluents had good methane potentials. Further, the methane potential of kraft mill fibre sludge was high, and co-digestion of kraft mill fibre sludge and waste activated sludge was feasible in stirred tank reactors with sludge recirculation. By increasing the organic loading in a pilot-scale activated sludge facility and thereby lowering the sludge age, the degradability of the waste activated sludge was improved. The higher wastewater treatment capacity achieved by this method provides an opportunity for the mills to increase their pulp and paper production. Further, by dewatering the digestate after AD and returning the liquid to the activated sludge treatment, costs for nutrient supplementation can be reduced.In conclusion, the thesis shows that AD of wastes from the kraft pulp and paper industry was feasible and carried many benefits regarding the generation of methane as a renewable energy carrier, improved wastewater treatment and reduced costs. Different strategies on how AD may be implemented in the kraft pulp and paper industry were formulated and discussed.
|
|
| 3. |
- Burman, Monica, Professor, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
-
Women's human rights in the governance of the Arctic : gender equality and violence against indigenous women
- 2018
-
Ingår i: The Yearbook of Polar Law. - : Brill | Nijhoff. - 1876-8814 .- 2211-6427. - 9789004342415 ; 9:1, s. 53-78
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies show a lack of deference and activities when it comes to women's human rights and gender equality in the multi-level governance of the Arctic. According to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, women in the Arctic are vulnerable, in particular indigenous and rural women. Their rights are not upheld in the Arctic states for example when it comes to exposure to violence, equal participation in governing bodies, and economic self-support. The public governing bodies have almost no focus on gender equality at all, despite far-reaching international obligations and, for several of the states, national ambitious agendas for gender equality politics. International instruments with obligations to strive for gender equality, such as the CEDAW, the ILO Convention 169 and UNDRIP, are scarcely referred to and not sufficiently implemented by the public governance bodies. The aim of this article is to raise awareness of the obligations set up by human rights documents to promote women' rights in the governance of the Arctic, in order to put pressure on the states to develop strategies for a future gender equal governance. We have a special focus on the general lack of awareness within public governance, and on men's intimate partner violence against indigenous women.
|
|
| 4. |
- Stenseke Arup, Gustav, 1990-
(författare)
-
Entangled Law : A Study of the Entanglement of Wolves, Humans, and Law in the Landscape
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With the legal protection of wolves in Sweden as an object of study, this dissertation examines how bodies often perceived as legal, social or natural entangle in a common co-production of law. The thesis begins with an analysis of how entanglements of nature, society and law have been discussed in environmental legal scholarship, with a main focus on the Uppsala Environmental Legal Method and Critical Environmental Law. Concepts from New Materialism and Legal Pluralism are then explored in order to contribute to the development of an understanding of law as co-produced in a mesh of entangled bodies in the landscape. Applying these concepts and discussions on legal protection of wolves, legal acts and institutions involved in the management of wolves are analysed through their entanglement with other bodies in the landscape. Special focus is set on legal hunting and a series of judgements concerning licenced hunting on wolves as well as on the entanglement of formal and informal norms in hunting communities. The wolf is reimagined as co-producing its legal protection through its entanglements with bodies such as human discourses and not least the law itself. The result is a reassembling of the legal protection of wolves in Sweden as a rhizome where law is co-produced through entanglements of multiplicities of bodies, only some of which are commonly viewed as legal. This understanding opens up legal analysis for a broader search for knowledges and solutions, which in turn can facilitate the co-existence of wolves and people in shared landscapes. The thesis also contributes to a general theory of entangled law by its discussion of a new materialist legal pluralism as well as the application of these theories on the issue of legal protection of wolves in Sweden.
|
|
